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Physics 109 > Sound and Color > Flashcards

Sound and Color Flashcards

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1
Q

propagation:

A

The movement of the waves

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2
Q

the denser the rope, the (slower/faster) the speed of the propagation

A

slower

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3
Q

the higher the tension, the (higher/lower) the speed of the propagation on the string

A

higher

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4
Q

is light an electromagnetic wave?

A

yes

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5
Q

What is periodic motion? (T)

A

the time it takes for a motion to repeat (unit=secs)

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6
Q

frequency (f)

A

the rate at which the motion repeats (units= 1/sec, or Hz)

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7
Q

wavelength

A

the distance wave travels during one period

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8
Q

what are the 3 characteristics of color?

A

hue: what the color is
saturation: how ‘pure’ the color is. The less white, the more saturated, color purity
brightness: how dark or light the color is

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9
Q

Additive color mixing

A

the mixing of light, almost all colors can be produced through mixing 3 primary colors (R, G, B)

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10
Q

when R, G, and B are mixed in equal amounts, they produce what color?

A

white

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11
Q

what are the complementary colors of R, G, and B?

A

R - cyan
G - Magenta
B - yellow

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12
Q

How do you make white with complementary colors?

A

two colors, when added in equal amounts, equal white.
ex. Red + cyan =white

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13
Q

what do variables r, g, b stand for? What is their sum?

A

these are fractions of R, G, B. They add up to 1

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14
Q

What are secondary colors?

A

equal mixtures of 2 primary colors

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15
Q

Color triangle rule:

A

when you add 2 colors, the resulting color always lies on the line joining the colors
ex. yellow = 1/2g +1/2r
cyan = 0r +1/2g

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16
Q

Where is additive color mixing used in?

A

projectors, music displays, television

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17
Q

what is the r, g, b for white?

A

all are 1/3

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18
Q

where is gray on the color triangle?

A

the same place as white

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19
Q

which element does the color triangle not indicate?

A

intensity

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20
Q

What are the low intensities of orange, white, and green?

A

orange–brown
white–gray
green–olive

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21
Q

What are the wavelengths for blue, green, and red?

A

blue: 400-500
green: 500-600
red: 600-700

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22
Q

what does red reflect and absorb? green? blue?

A

red absorbs green and blue, it reflects red
green absorbs red and blue, reflects green
blue absorbs red and green, it reflects blue

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23
Q

what is transmittance?

A

the fraction of light incident on the filter that passes through

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24
Q

formula for net transmittance?

A

T =Ta x Tb

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25
Q

what are the subtractive primaries?
C + M =?
M + Y =?
Y + C=?

A

subtractive primaries: cyan, yellow, and magenta
1. B
2. R
3. G

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26
Q

what is the reflectance eqn? What do you use it for?

A

R = Ra x Rb; you use it for pigments (paints)

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27
Q

what is low lightness orange?

A

brown

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28
Q

When two orange filters are put together, what color do they make?

A

reddish-orange

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29
Q

optional:
sky blue + orange = ?
purple + purple = ?

A
  1. sat. orange (brown)
  2. blue
30
Q

where does light come from? What is the Quantum nature of matter?

A

atoms and molecules can absorb or emit light with discrete wavelengths

31
Q

what is a spectrum?

A

an atomic ‘fingerprint’ used to identify atoms

32
Q

describe light emission from atoms:

A

atoms emit radiation at certain frequencies
emission patterns are unique to atoms

33
Q

What is periodic motion? What is an example?

A

motion that repeats in time; a swing

34
Q

What is fundamental property?

A

how long it takes for a motion to repeat, the period of the motion

35
Q

Period (T)

A

time it take for a motion to repeat

36
Q

Frequency (f)

A

the rate at which the motion repeats

37
Q

Simple harmonic motion

A

the periodic motion described by a sine function

38
Q

what is frequency in music?

A

the pitch you hear (what note)

39
Q

What is amplitude in music:

A

a measure of intensity of sound.

40
Q

What is the formula for volume?

A

(amplitude)^2

41
Q

What is Hooke’s Law? Define the variables

A

the amount of force exerted by a spring
F = k x X
k= spring constant
X = amount spring is stretched or compressed

42
Q

Oscillation frequency for spring, define the variables.

A

f = 1/2(pi) x sqrt(k/m)
k = spring constant
m = mass

43
Q

increasing the spring constant ____ the oscillation freq,
decreasing the spring constant ____ the oscillation freq,

A

increases; decreases

44
Q

does the oscillation frequency of a simple harmonic oscillator depend on amplitude?

A

no

45
Q

formula for the frequency of a tuning fork:

A

f = 1/ sqrt(m)
m= mass

46
Q

what happens when you increase the mass of a tuning fork?

A

the pitch lowers

47
Q

the propagation speed:

A

the disturbance moves at a well defined speed

48
Q

wave:

A

traveling shape in a medium

49
Q

describe sound waves

A

the are pressure waves formed from a series of compressions and rarefactions

compressions: high air pressure
rarefactions: low air pressure, changes in air pressure

50
Q

speed formula

A

speed = d/t
d = distance
t= time

51
Q

longitudinal waves:

A
  • direction of disturbance same as direction of propagation
  • compression and rarefaction waves
  • like a slinky
  • sound waves
52
Q

transverse waves:

A
  • direction of disturbance is perpendicular to propagation
  • do not require medium for propagation
53
Q

what is the speed of light in a vacuum?
What is the speed of sound at 21C in dry air?

A

3 x 10^8 m/s
344.0 m/s

54
Q

How do you find the speed of sound when it is not 21C?

A

v = (344 + 0.6 x T)
T = temperature in C

55
Q

What is a standing wave?

A

the sum of two waves of the same frequency that move in opposite directions

56
Q

What is a node?

A

places where the string/wave never moves

57
Q

What is an antinode?

A

halfway between nodes, where amplitude of wave is at a maximum

58
Q

Do the locations of the nodes and antinodes change in time?

A

no

59
Q

wave speed (v) formula:

A

v = (wavelength)(t)
t = time

60
Q

period (T) formula:

A

T = 1/f

61
Q

The higher the mode, the _______ the number of nodes

A

greater

62
Q

what is the frequency of a standing wave?

A

f = v/wavelength

63
Q

What is the frequency of f1, f2, f3

A

f1 = v/(2L)
f2= v/L
f3 = 3/(2L)

64
Q

wave velocity on a string (v) formula:

A

v = sqrt(F/p)
F = tension on string
p = mas per unit

65
Q

Fundamental frequency of a string (f):

A

f = v/(2L) x sqrt(F/p)

66
Q

What happens when you double the tension on the fundamental frequency of a string?

A

it increases by sqrt(2) = 1.41
f = v/(2L) x sqrt(2F/p)

67
Q

Mode with the lowest frequency is called the _____ mode
Modes with higher frequencies are called_______

A
  1. fundamental
  2. Overtones (aka harmonics)
68
Q

What is the eqn for the harmonic series?

A

fn = nf1 n=1,2,3…

69
Q

frequency is proportional to

A

1/L

70
Q

formula for F (tension)

A

F = kg x 9.8
answer in N (newtons)

71
Q

What is formula for p (mass per unit length)

A

p = M/L

72
Q

What is the relationship between frequency and tension?

A

frequency = sqrt(tension)
f = sqrt(F)

Physics 109 (6 decks)

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