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Physics 109 > PSYCH 405 CH 4 > Flashcards

PSYCH 405 CH 4 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is an assessment?

A

a collection of relevant information to reach a conclusion

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2
Q

What is clinical assessment?

A

an assessment used to determine whether, how, and why a person is behaving abnormally and how it may be helped.

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3
Q

What does it mean to standardize something?

A

the process in which a test is administered to a large group of people whose performance then serves as a standard where scores of individual people are measured against

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4
Q

what is reliability? what is test-retest reliablility? What is interrater reliability?

A

the consistency of assessment measure. A good assessment will yield similar results
1. test-retest reliability: a test gives similar results every time it is given to similar people
2. interrater reliability: different judges of the test agree on how to interpret it

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5
Q

What is validity? face validity? predictive validity? concurrent validity?

A

the test must accurately measure what it is supposed to measure
1. face validity: an assessment toll appears to be valid
2. predictive validity: a tool’s ability to predict future characteristics or behavior
3. Concurrent validity: the degree to which the measures gathered from one tool agree with the measures gathered from other assessment techniques

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6
Q

What qualifications make an assessment useful? (3)

A

it must meet the requirements of standardization, reliability, and validity

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7
Q

what is a clinical interview? What is its purpose?

A

a face to face encounter (with a therapist?); the purpose is to give special attention to topics they consider most important

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8
Q

what is an unstructured interview?

A

clinical asks open-ended questions; lack of structure allows interviewer to follow leads and explore relevant topics

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9
Q

what is a structured interview?

A

clinicians ask specific questions and used an interview schedule ( a standard set of questions for all interviews); this type of interview makes sure clinicians cover same kinds of important issues that can be used to compare other people.

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10
Q

What is a mental status exam?

A

a set of questions and observations that systematically evaluate the client’s awareness with regard to time, place, memory, mood, appearance

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11
Q

What are some limitations of clinical interviews?

A
  • lack validity, people may lie (Same for unstructured interviews)
  • people with depression may present themselves poorly which isn’t true
  • interviewer bias
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12
Q

What are clinical test?

A

devices for gathering information about a few aspects of a person’s psychological functioning where generalizations can be made

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13
Q

what are projective tests?

A

a test where people have to respond to ambiguous stimuli or follow open-ended instructions. The idea is that people will project aspects of their personality when doing the test

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14
Q

What is the Rorschach test?

A

interpreting inkblots; the creator found that those who had schizophrenia saw different images than people who have depression

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15
Q

What is the thematic apperception test (TAT)?

A

people are shown 30 cards of black and white pictures of people and must make up a story about each. Clinicians believe people identify with one of the characters

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16
Q

What is the sentence completion test?

A

finishing sentences as a way to ease into conversation and pinpoint topics

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17
Q

what is the Draw-a-person (DAP) test?

A

clients asked to draw human figures, drawings are then judges by shape, line, location, size, features and background

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18
Q

What is something useful about projective tests?

A

they offer clinicians supplementary insight

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19
Q

What are the limitations of projective tests?

A

have low validity and reliability, also biased against POC
ex. TAT does not show pictures of POC

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20
Q

What is a personality inventory?

A

a test designed to measure broad personality traits
ex. statements of behaviors, beliefs, feelings where people deem whether or not it is applicable to them
ex. Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)

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21
Q

What is the MMPI?

A

stands for Minnesota Multi phasic Personality Inventory; has 500 self statements labels true, false, or cannot say. Topics include physcial concerns, mood, sexual behaviors, social activities

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22
Q

What is a profile?

A

a pattern when the scores of the MMPI are compared; it indicates a person’s general personality

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23
Q

What are some advantages of the MMPI over projective tests?

A
  • they do not take much time to administer
  • objectively scored
  • standardized so comparisons can be made
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24
Q

What are some advantages and disadvantages of personality inventory?

A

ad: theya have more validity
dis: personality traits cannot be examined directly; have cultural limitations

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25
Q

response inventories

A

ask people to provide detailed information about themselves but the test focuses on one specific area of functioning

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26
Q

affective inventories

A

measure the severity of anxiety, depression, anger

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27
Q

social skills inventories

A

behavioral and family-social, ask client to respond to a variety of social situations

28
Q

cognitive inventories

A

reveal a person’s typical thoughts and assumptions and help uncover counterproductive patterns of thinking

29
Q

What are some limitations of inventories?

A

lack of standardization, reliability, validity

30
Q

psychophysiological tests

A

measure physiological responses as possible indicators of psychological problems

31
Q

galvanic skin response

A

physiological changes of skin reactions

32
Q

polygraph/ lie detector

A

electors are attached to a person’s body and detect changes in breathing, perspiration, and heart wile the person answers questions

33
Q

what are limitations of psychophysiological tests?

A

they require expensive equipment and are inaccurate

34
Q

neuroimaging /brain-scanning

A

designed to measure brain structure and activity directly

35
Q

electroencephalogram (EEG)

A

records brain waves through electrodes placed on the scalp that sends waves to a machine that records them
does not pinpoint where the activity is coming from

36
Q

computerized axial tomography (CT/CAT scan)

A

x rays of brain structure are taken at different angles and then combines

37
Q

positron emission tomography (PET)

A

computer produced motion picture of chemical activity throughout the brain

38
Q

magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

A

use magnetic hydrogen atoms to produce a detailed image of the brain

39
Q

functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)

A

coverts MRI pics into detailed picture of neuron activity (functioning brain pic)

40
Q

neuropsychological test

A

measure cognitive, perceptual, motor performance
abnormal performance means underlying brain problems

41
Q

Bender Visual-Motor Gestalt test

A

asked to look and redraw 9 cards

42
Q

intelligence

A

the capacity to judge well

43
Q

intelligence test

A

tests various verbal and nonverbal skills

44
Q

intelligence quotient (IQ)

A

general score from intelligence tests

45
Q

What are some limitation of Intelligence tests?

A

-cultural bias
- test anxiety influences results
- bias scoring

46
Q

naturalistic observation

A

clinicians observe clients in everyday environments

47
Q

analog observation

A

clinicians observe them in artificial setting

48
Q

self-monitoring

A

clients observe themselves

49
Q

clinical picture

A

integrated picture of the factors that are causing and maintaining a clients disturbance

50
Q

diagnosis

A

a determination of a person’s psychological problems for a disorder

51
Q

syndrome

A

a cluster of symptoms

52
Q

diagnostic category

A

a particular pattern of symptoms

53
Q

classification system

A

a list of categories, disorders, with descriptions of the symptoms and guidelines for assigning individuals to categories

54
Q

ICD

A

international classification of Diseases, DSM but for other countries

55
Q

DMS-5 Work groups

A

group of clinicians and researchers that collected input to develop DSM

56
Q

Categorical information

A

the name of the distinct category

57
Q

dimensional information

A

how severe a client’s symptoms are and how dysfunctional the client is

58
Q

anxiety disorder

A

general feelings of anxiety and worry

59
Q

depressive disorder

A

extreme episodes of sadness

60
Q

validity of the classification system

A

the accuracy of the diagnostic categories provided

61
Q

predictive validity

A

how predictable are the future symptoms/events

62
Q

empirically supported/ evidence based treatment

A

a movement where the clinical field seeks to identify which therapies have received clear support or each disorder and what treatments guidelines follow

63
Q

uniformity myth

A

a false belief that all therapies are equivalent despite differences in the therapists’ training, experience, theoretical orientations, and personalities

64
Q

rapprochement movement

A

a movement to identify a set of common factors or common strategies that run through all successful therapies

65
Q

psychopharmacologist

A

a psychiatrist who primarily prescribes medications

Physics 109 (6 decks)

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