soul mind body

Question 1

aristotle on soul

Answer 1

part of formal cause- essence of life
means something has life
cannot be separated from body - shape in wax seal
no life after death- soul dies with body

Question 2

descartes first arguments

Answer 2

cognito ergo sum
-this only proves mind not full being
- human senses are unreliable

Question 3

des second argument

Answer 3

pineal gland
soul not in body so must be in mind
PASSIONS OF THE SOUL- 1649
soul= simple, cannot be broken down further
body= complex, made of many parts

Question 4

des on soul

Answer 4

‘THE INNERMOST PART OF THE BRAIN’‘ANIMAL SPIRITS’
similar to freud id

Question 5

against des- RYLE

Answer 5

category error- ghost in the machine
- des incorrectly sees physical actions of body being controlled by non-physical thing

Question 6

against des

Answer 6

if mind was separate to soul, we wouldn’t expect physical conditions in brain to affect it
vardy- alchohol, tiredness, caffeine
phineas cage- physical injury affects mind
masked man fallacy- cannot imagine impossible things

Question 7

hick

Answer 7

NEW FRONTIER OF RELIGION AND SCIENCE
property dualism
uses ‘mind’ not ‘soul’
neurosurgeon and mountain lake

Question 8

swinburne

Answer 8

‘if you want to tell the whole story of the world… you have to include subjects/persons/ mental entities
has to pick out subjects of experiences

Question 9

dawkins

Answer 9

two types of soul- valid and invalid
soul is real thing separate from body- metaphorical idea of soul
THE SELFISH GENE
doesnt believe the soul gets passed on- only genetic info
everything in our body is biological processes
concept of god passed down- psychologically appealing

Question 10

cyclical argument

Answer 10

phaedo
contraries generated from contraries
death is generated from life and life is generated from death

Question 11

theory of recollection

Answer 11

phaedo
in life we’ve never experienced absolute perfection yet we have knowledge of it so it must have been learned before our birth in RoF
soul existed before birth

Question 12

plato

Answer 12

phaedo/ on the soul
soul from RoF- belong naturally here
but trapped in our bodies
forms are glimpses of what soul originates from

Question 13

affinity argument

Answer 13

form of life
invisible/ immortal things are different from visible/ mortal things
soul is of the former
body of the latter
body will decay soul will live on

Question 14

final argument

Answer 14

‘a soul is something immortal and indestructible, and our souls will really exist in Hades’