Sosnowski Cellular Injury and Cancer Flashcards
this specific type of receptor has intrinsic tyrosine kinase activity
growth factors
specific growth promoting genes
FOS, JUN, MYC
growth promoting gatekeeper gene, produces oncogenes
proto-oncogenes
growth-inhibiting gatekeeper gene
tumor suppressor gene
examples of tumor suppressor genes
Rb (retinoblastoma), p53, BRCA1 and 2
gatekeeper genes that are programmed for genetic cell death
genes involved w/ apoptosis
example of genes involved in apoptosis
BCL-2 and p53
these genes maintain homeostasis of cell
gatekeeper/house keeping genes
only housekeeping gene not found in nucleus, but rather mitochondria
BCL-2
majority of our cells are stuck in what phase of cell cycle
interphase (G0)
what controls the cell cycle
cyclins, CDKs
what specific cyclin controls on/off switch of retinoblastoma protein
Cyclin D
cell cycle is turned off when RB is hyper or hypo- phosphorylated
hypophosphorylated
cell cycle is turned on when RB is what
hyperphosphorylated
an increase in the number of cells in a tissue
hyperplasia
examples of hyperplasia in the body (specific organs)
liver and skin and smooth m.
difference b/t arterioles and venules
venules have bigger diameter
an increase in the size of the cell, not in number of cells
hypertrophy
hypertrophy capable tissues
muscle, breast, liver, bladder, uterus, kidney
what experiences both hyperplasia and hypertrophy during pregnancy
uterus
a reversible change from one tissue to another normal tissue to better cope w/ the extra cellular environment
metaplasia
most common type of metaplasia
columnar to squamous and vice versa
where does metaplasia likely happen
esophagus (Barrett’s esophagus) and cervix
2 main HPV types that cause cervical cancer
HPV 16 and 18
dysplasia in the cervix
HPV
2 proteins made from HPV that are associated with cervical cancer
E6 and E7
this protein made from HPV inhibits p53
E6
this protein made from HPV inhibits Rb
E7
fat storage disease (ex. fatty liver)
steatosis
storage disease caused by enzyme deficiency and buildup of substrate
lysosomal storage disease
macrophages that store iron, accumulation of indigestible materials
siderophages