Sos: Stomach Flashcards by Madeline Wing

bezoar

hair ball

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4 regions of stomach

cardia
fundus
body (corpus)
Antrum (pyloric)

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longitudinal folds within stomach mucosa that disappear when full

rugae

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stomach pacemaker

ICC

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initiates peristaltic movement of chyme

ICC

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this stomach layer shortens the stomach

longitudinal layer

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this stomach layer allows chyme to travel to pyloric sphincter

circular layer

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this stomach layer allows for churning of chyme aiding in digestion

oblique layer

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purpose of this in stomach is to reduce friction; thin connective tissue covered w/ serous epithelium

serosa

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L: liver
middle: stomach
R: spleen

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body of pancreas meets where

near stomach and duodenum

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tail of pancreas always meets where

at root of spleen

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explain Nutcracker syndrome

pt has enlarged testicle due to L renal vein being squeezed b/t aorta and superior mesenteric a. (pt. lost a lot of weight quickly and lost mesenteric fat)

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2 retroperitoneal organs

pancreas and duodenum

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lesser omentum 2 ligaments attach where

liver to stomach and liver to duodenum

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nerve supply to stomach

vagus n. and celiac trunk

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main arteries to stomach (name 5)

celiac a.
gastric a.
splenic a.
common and proper hepatic a.
gastroepiploic a.

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lymphatic drainage of stomach goes where

Cisterna chyli to thoracic duct

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what sympathetics supply the stomach

greater splanchnic nerves (T5-9)

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how do you know you are in body of stomach when looking at histologic slide

see gastric pits and glands

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4 main layers of stomach from inside to outside

mucosa
submucosa
muscularis propria/externa
serosa

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body or antrum of stomach

antrum (not as dense)

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3 layers of stomach mucosa

epithelium
lamina propria
muscularis mucosae

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body (corpus) of stomach contains what 4 cells

parietal
chief
endocrine (D and G cells)
mucous

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main cell in intestine

goblet cell

these cells make HCl and intrinsic factor

parietal cells

what is needed for resorption of vitamin B12

intrinsic factor

these cells make pepsinogen to pepsin

chief cells

D cells make what

somatostatin

G cells make what

gastrin

inhibits acid secretion

somatostatin

stimulates acid secretion

gastrin

what substance is secreted when we are hungry and increases appetite

Ghrelin

product used for protein digestion

pepsin

product used for carbohydrate digestion

amylase

product used for fat digestion

lipase

used to neutralize stomach acid before entering duodenum

HCO3 (bicarbonate)

part of stomach

L: body (corpus) R: antrum

parietal cells found where

body (corpus of stomach)

gastrin found in what part of stomach

antrum

L arrow R arrow

L: parietal cell (pink cytoplasm) R: chief cell (blue cytoplasm)

what activates gastric activity in stomach

swallowed food

3 things that stimulate gastric secretion

Ach histamine gastrin

what shuts down HCl producing system of parietal cell

somatostatin and PGE2

intestinal phase of digestion happens when

when chyme enters

CCK increases or suppresses appetite

suppresses

insulin increases or suppresses appetite

suppresses

leptin stimulates or inhibits hunger

inhibits

CCK produced by

I cells in duodenum

stimulates gallbladder to contract and release bile and stimulates secretion of pancreatic juice

CCK

secretin's action on the pancreas

secrete pancreatic enzymes

both secretin and CCK inhibit what

gastric secretion when contents are ready to enter duodenum

_____foods slow down stomach movement and digestion

fatty

2 places alcohol(ethanol) is absorbed

oral cavity and stomach

narrowing of pyloric sphincter

pyloric stenosis

baby projectile vomits after feeding

pyloric stenosis

mushroom sign

pyloric stenosis

B12 not able to be bound to intrinsic factor and absorbed and therefore vitamin B12 deficiency

Pernicious Anemia

swollen tongue, pallor, fatigue

anemia

____ deficiency can lead to pernicious anemia and megablastic anemia

vitamin B12

>4 lobes in neutrophil

megaloblastic anemia

pernicious anemia is a type of _____anemia

megaloblastic

H. pylori

inflammation of stomach mucosa seen w/ sx's of indigestion, N/V

acute gastritis

main cause of acute gastritis

H. pylori

hemorrhagic acute gastritis

hemorrhage acute gastritis

acute gastritis

normal stomach mucosa

N/V, indigestion + WEIGHT LOSS

chronic gastritis

histologic finding of chronic gastritis

metaplastic or dysplastic epithelium

intestinal metaplasia seen in chronic gastritis

Right?

chronic gastritis

painful ulcers of stomach +/or duodenum

peptic ulcer disease

H. pylori infections in _______ have greatest risk for _____

duodenum peptic ulcer disease

______ increase the pain of an ulcer but do not cause an ulcer

spicy food

ulcer caused by increased intracranial pressure

Cushing ulcer

ulcer caused by severe burns

Curling ulcer

ulcer

what ulcer is life threatening

bleeding posterior wall gastric ulcer

posterior wall gastric ulcer risk bursting what artery

gastroduodenal a.

common cause of melena (black tarry stools due to blood)

bleeding ulcer

stomach bulges into chest; Z line elevates

sliding hiatal hernia

untreated H.pylori infection; alcohol and smoking and blood type A can cause this

intestinal type adenocarcinoma (gastric carcinoma)

this type of gastric cancer is seen in older adults

intestinal type

hereditary associated w/ CDH1 gene mutation

diffuse type adenocarcinoma (gastric cancer)

this type of gastric cancer deals with younger adults

diffuse type

3 places to check before you know you have stomach cancer

supraclavicular node periumbilical node ovaries

another name for supraclavicular node

Virchow node

another name for periumbilical node

Sister Mary Joseph nodule

another name for mass around ovaries to identify gastric carcinoma

Krukenberg node

TNM staging for gastric cancers

tumor size nodes metastasis

intestinal type gastric carcinoma

metaplasia into dysplasia

intestinal type gastric carcinoma

metaplasia into dysplasia

intestinal type gastric carcinoma

thick walled stomach

diffuse type gastric carcinoma

spread of signet ring cells

diffuse type gastric carcinoma

signet ring cells