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DIG: Biweekly 1 > Sos: Stomach > Flashcards

Sos: Stomach Flashcards

1
Q

bezoar

A

hair ball

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2
Q

4 regions of stomach

A

cardia
fundus
body (corpus)
Antrum (pyloric)

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3
Q

longitudinal folds within stomach mucosa that disappear when full

A

rugae

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4
Q

stomach pacemaker

A

ICC

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5
Q

initiates peristaltic movement of chyme

A

ICC

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6
Q

this stomach layer shortens the stomach

A

longitudinal layer

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7
Q

this stomach layer allows chyme to travel to pyloric sphincter

A

circular layer

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8
Q

this stomach layer allows for churning of chyme aiding in digestion

A

oblique layer

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9
Q

purpose of this in stomach is to reduce friction; thin connective tissue covered w/ serous epithelium

A

serosa

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10
Q
A

L: liver
middle: stomach
R: spleen

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11
Q

body of pancreas meets where

A

near stomach and duodenum

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12
Q

tail of pancreas always meets where

A

at root of spleen

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13
Q

explain Nutcracker syndrome

A

pt has enlarged testicle due to L renal vein being squeezed b/t aorta and superior mesenteric a. (pt. lost a lot of weight quickly and lost mesenteric fat)

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14
Q

2 retroperitoneal organs

A

pancreas and duodenum

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15
Q

lesser omentum 2 ligaments attach where

A

liver to stomach and liver to duodenum

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16
Q

nerve supply to stomach

A

vagus n. and celiac trunk

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17
Q

main arteries to stomach (name 5)

A

celiac a.
gastric a.
splenic a.
common and proper hepatic a.
gastroepiploic a.

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18
Q

lymphatic drainage of stomach goes where

A

Cisterna chyli to thoracic duct

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19
Q

what sympathetics supply the stomach

A

greater splanchnic nerves (T5-9)

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20
Q

how do you know you are in body of stomach when looking at histologic slide

A

see gastric pits and glands

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21
Q

4 main layers of stomach from inside to outside

A

mucosa
submucosa
muscularis propria/externa
serosa

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22
Q

body or antrum of stomach

A

antrum (not as dense)

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23
Q

3 layers of stomach mucosa

A

epithelium
lamina propria
muscularis mucosae

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24
Q

body (corpus) of stomach contains what 4 cells

A

parietal
chief
endocrine (D and G cells)
mucous

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25
Q

main cell in intestine

A

goblet cell

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26
Q

these cells make HCl and intrinsic factor

A

parietal cells

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27
Q

what is needed for resorption of vitamin B12

A

intrinsic factor

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28
Q

these cells make pepsinogen to pepsin

A

chief cells

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29
Q

D cells make what

A

somatostatin

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30
Q

G cells make what

A

gastrin

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31
Q

inhibits acid secretion

A

somatostatin

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32
Q

stimulates acid secretion

A

gastrin

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33
Q

what substance is secreted when we are hungry and increases appetite

A

Ghrelin

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34
Q

product used for protein digestion

A

pepsin

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35
Q

product used for carbohydrate digestion

A

amylase

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36
Q

product used for fat digestion

A

lipase

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37
Q

used to neutralize stomach acid before entering duodenum

A

HCO3 (bicarbonate)

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38
Q

part of stomach

A

L: body (corpus)
R: antrum

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39
Q

parietal cells found where

A

body (corpus of stomach)

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40
Q

gastrin found in what part of stomach

A

antrum

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41
Q

L arrow
R arrow

A

L: parietal cell (pink cytoplasm)
R: chief cell (blue cytoplasm)

42
Q

what activates gastric activity in stomach

A

swallowed food

43
Q

3 things that stimulate gastric secretion

A

Ach
histamine
gastrin

44
Q

what shuts down HCl producing system of parietal cell

A

somatostatin and PGE2

45
Q

intestinal phase of digestion happens when

A

when chyme enters

46
Q

CCK increases or suppresses appetite

A

suppresses

47
Q

insulin increases or suppresses appetite

A

suppresses

48
Q

leptin stimulates or inhibits hunger

A

inhibits

49
Q

CCK produced by

A

I cells in duodenum

50
Q

stimulates gallbladder to contract and release bile and stimulates secretion of pancreatic juice

A

CCK

51
Q

secretin’s action on the pancreas

A

secrete pancreatic enzymes

52
Q

both secretin and CCK inhibit what

A

gastric secretion when contents are ready to enter duodenum

53
Q

_____foods slow down stomach movement and digestion

A

fatty

54
Q

2 places alcohol(ethanol) is absorbed

A

oral cavity and stomach

55
Q

narrowing of pyloric sphincter

A

pyloric stenosis

56
Q

baby projectile vomits after feeding

A

pyloric stenosis

57
Q

mushroom sign

A

pyloric stenosis

58
Q

B12 not able to be bound to intrinsic factor and absorbed and therefore vitamin B12 deficiency

A

Pernicious Anemia

59
Q

swollen tongue, pallor, fatigue

A

anemia

60
Q

____ deficiency can lead to pernicious anemia and megablastic anemia

A

vitamin B12

61
Q

> 4 lobes in neutrophil

A

megaloblastic anemia

62
Q

pernicious anemia is a type of _____anemia

A

megaloblastic

63
Q
A

H. pylori

64
Q

inflammation of stomach mucosa seen w/ sx’s of indigestion, N/V

A

acute gastritis

65
Q

main cause of acute gastritis

A

H. pylori

66
Q
A

hemorrhagic acute gastritis

67
Q
A

hemorrhage acute gastritis

68
Q
A

acute gastritis

69
Q
A

normal stomach mucosa

70
Q

N/V, indigestion + WEIGHT LOSS

A

chronic gastritis

71
Q

histologic finding of chronic gastritis

A

metaplastic or dysplastic epithelium

72
Q
A

intestinal metaplasia seen in chronic gastritis

73
Q

Right?

A

chronic gastritis

74
Q
A

chronic gastritis

75
Q

painful ulcers of stomach +/or duodenum

A

peptic ulcer disease

76
Q

H. pylori infections in _______ have greatest risk for _____

A

duodenum
peptic ulcer disease

77
Q

______ increase the pain of an ulcer but do not cause an ulcer

A

spicy food

78
Q

ulcer caused by increased intracranial pressure

A

Cushing ulcer

79
Q

ulcer caused by severe burns

A

Curling ulcer

80
Q
A

ulcer

81
Q

what ulcer is life threatening

A

bleeding posterior wall gastric ulcer

82
Q

posterior wall gastric ulcer risk bursting what artery

A

gastroduodenal a.

83
Q

common cause of melena (black tarry stools due to blood)

A

bleeding ulcer

84
Q

stomach bulges into chest; Z line elevates

A

sliding hiatal hernia

85
Q
A

sliding hiatal hernia

86
Q

untreated H.pylori infection; alcohol and smoking and blood type A can cause this

A

intestinal type adenocarcinoma (gastric carcinoma)

87
Q

this type of gastric cancer is seen in older adults

A

intestinal type

88
Q

hereditary associated w/ CDH1 gene mutation

A

diffuse type adenocarcinoma (gastric cancer)

89
Q

this type of gastric cancer deals with younger adults

A

diffuse type

90
Q

3 places to check before you know you have stomach cancer

A

supraclavicular node
periumbilical node
ovaries

91
Q

another name for supraclavicular node

A

Virchow node

92
Q

another name for periumbilical node

A

Sister Mary Joseph nodule

93
Q

another name for mass around ovaries to identify gastric carcinoma

A

Krukenberg node

94
Q

TNM staging for gastric cancers

A

tumor size
nodes
metastasis

95
Q
A

intestinal type gastric carcinoma

96
Q

metaplasia into dysplasia

A

intestinal type gastric carcinoma

97
Q

metaplasia into dysplasia

A

intestinal type gastric carcinoma

98
Q

thick walled stomach

A

diffuse type gastric carcinoma

99
Q

spread of signet ring cells

A

diffuse type gastric carcinoma

100
Q
A

diffuse type gastric carcinoma

101
Q
A

diffuse type gastric carcinoma

102
Q
A

signet ring cells

DIG: Biweekly 1 (11 decks)

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