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DIG: Biweekly 1 > Sos: Oral Cavity and Salivary Glands > Flashcards

Sos: Oral Cavity and Salivary Glands Flashcards

1
Q

central processing centers of appetite regulation

A

arcuate nucleus
area postrema

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2
Q

_____located in hypothalamus and controls appetite

A

arcuate nucleus

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3
Q

_____located in brainstem and controls appetite

A

are postrema

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4
Q

state in which energy intake exceeds energy expenditure

A

obesity

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5
Q

this part of the brain deals with pleasure

A

amygdala

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6
Q

hormone produced by adipose tissue that suppresses appetite

A

leptin

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7
Q

hormone produced by pancreas and used to decreased glucose in blood and suppress appetite

A

insulin

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8
Q

hormone secreted by stomach wall and increases appetite

A

Ghrelin

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9
Q

receptor in the brain that tells us we are not hungry

A

GLP-1

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10
Q

hormone in hypothalamus that increases hunger

A

Orexin

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11
Q

largest salivary gland

A

parotid gland

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12
Q

parotid gland drains saliva through what duct

A

Stensen’s duct

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13
Q

this duct can get obstructed and saliva won’t drain

A

Stensen’s duct

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14
Q

drains 70% of saliva

A

submandibular glands

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15
Q

saliva from submandibular glands drains through____

A

Wharton’s duct

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16
Q

found in floor of oral cavity and contains multiple ducts

A

sublingual glands

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17
Q

gland?

A

parotid gland (serous)

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18
Q

gland?

A

submandibular gland (mucinous and serous)

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19
Q

gland?

A

sublingual gland (mucinous)

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20
Q

only digestive secretion controlled by neural factors

A

salivary secretion

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21
Q

cause large quantity of watery secretion rich in electrolytes and enzymes

A

parasympathetic nerves

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22
Q

cause a release of mucus in the saliva

A

sympathetic nerves

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23
Q

parasympathetic n. innervating all 3 glands of oral cavity

A

CN IX (glossopharyngeal)

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24
Q

2 main parasympathetic nerves producing saliva secretion

A

CN VII and CN IX

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25
Q

sympathetic innervation causing decrease in salivation

A

superior cervical ganglion (T1-T3)

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26
Q

main function of salivary glands

A

lubrication

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27
Q

2 main functions of saliva itself

A

protects against microorganisms
breaks down starches

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28
Q

enzymes in saliva that break down starch

A

amylase and lipase

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29
Q

____% of starch is broken down in oral cavity

A

30%

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30
Q

lipase in stomach prefers____ pH

A

acidic

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31
Q

lipase in pancreas prefers ____ pH

A

basic

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32
Q

1st step in saliva production

A

acinar cells produce isotonic solution

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33
Q

2nd step in saliva production

A

solution becomes hypotonic when passes through ductal tree

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34
Q

how is saliva made isotonic

A

NaCl + H2O into blood

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35
Q

how is saliva made hypotonic

A

NaCl out of blood and HCO3- in

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36
Q

deglutition

A

swallowing

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37
Q

main function of enteric NS

A

push contents down the GI tract

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38
Q

mastication and release of saliva in presence of food

A

oral phase of swallowing

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39
Q

bolus of food at base of tongue triggers autonomic reflex of swallowing

A

pharyngeal phase of swallowing

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40
Q

waves of esophageal peristalsis

A

esophageal phase of swallowing

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41
Q

provides sensory and motor innervation to oropharynx

A

CN IX (glossopharyngeal)

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42
Q

provides sensory and motor innervation to upper teeth and hard palate

A

CN V (trigeminal)

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43
Q

nerve that provides taste and facial expression

A

CN VII (facial)

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44
Q
A

cutaneous surface: outside lip
oral surface: inside lip

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45
Q
A

inside lip

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46
Q

most common cancer of skin and oral cavity

A

SCC

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47
Q

Consists of intrinsic and extrinsic muscles that manipulate food for mastication and swallowing

A

tongue

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48
Q

All regions of the tongue that have _____ detect all five taste qualities

A

taste buds

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49
Q

difficulty swallowing

A

dysphagia

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50
Q

painful swallowing

A

Odynophagia

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51
Q

gag reflex (stimulation of upper pharynx) activates ________ sensory neurons

A

CN IX

52
Q

_____ nerve causes pharyngeal constriction

A

CN X (vagus)

53
Q

_____ nerve causes thrusting of the tongue

A

CN XII (hypoglossal)

54
Q

area in brain that deals with appetite and vomiting

A

area postrema

55
Q

emesis

A

vomiting

56
Q

3 phases of emesis

A

prodrome
retching
vomiting

57
Q

depression of jaw causes by what muscle

A

lateral pterygoid

58
Q

elevation of jaw caused by what muscles

A

temporalis
masseter
medial pterygoid

59
Q

retraction of jaw caused by

A

temporalis

60
Q

protrusion of jaw caused by what muscle

A

lateral pterygoid

61
Q

innervation of muscles of mastication

A

CN V (trigeminal branch 3)

62
Q

innervation of the tongue

A

CN XII (hypoglossal n.)

63
Q

where is the problem

A

damage to CN XII on side where deviation is occurring

64
Q

intrinsic muscle that depresses tongue (CN XII innervation)

A

inferior longitudinal

65
Q

intrinsic muscle that elevates tongue (CN XII innervation)

A

superior longitudinal

66
Q

extrinsic muscle that protrudes tongue

A

genioglossus

67
Q

extrinsic muscle that retrudes and depresses tongue

A

hyoglossus

68
Q

extrinsic muscle that retracts and elevates tongue

A

styloglossus

69
Q

2 main oral cavity functions

A

digestion
immune system

70
Q

_______ tonsillar ring makes up oral cavity immune system

A

Waldeyer’s

71
Q

______tissue makes up Waldeyer’s Tonsillar Ring

A

lymphoid

72
Q

tonsils + _____ make up Waldeyer’s tonsillar ring

A

adenoids

73
Q

pt presents w/ fever, sore throat, foul breath, dysphagia, odynophagia, and tender cervical nodes

A

tonsillitis

74
Q

normal or abnormal tonsil tissue

A

normal (but hyperplastic)

75
Q

normal or abnormal tonsil tissue

A

abnormal, can see bacteria

76
Q

normal or abnormal tonsil tissue

A

abnormal, can see inflammatory cells

77
Q

a yeast that lives in the oral cavity that can overtake the oral cavity and cause an infection

A

Candida

78
Q

main risk factor for oral candidiasis

A

weakened immune system

79
Q

aka canker sores

A

Aphthous ulcer

80
Q

painful, not contagious ulcer

A

Aphthous ulcer

81
Q
A

L: normal tissue
R: ulcer (inflammation seen)

82
Q

multisystem disorder
multiple ulcers in mucosal areas

A

Behcet’s syndrome

83
Q

pt presents with oral and genital ulcers, ocular lesions, skin lesions, and joint and CNS involvement

A

Behcet’s syndrome

84
Q

____ and ____ can cause oral or genital lesions

A

HSV-1 and HSV-2

85
Q

pt has cold sore that goes away, becomes latent in CN V, and reappears during stress

A

oral herpes

86
Q
A

HSV

87
Q
A

HSV

88
Q

3 M’s of HSV cells

A

multinucleated
molding
margination

89
Q

SCC of outer lip due to what

A

UV radiation

90
Q

SCC of inner lip due to what

A

smoking/alcohol

91
Q

____ occurs before SCC

A

dysplasia

92
Q

dysplasia in white plaque

A

leukoplakia

93
Q

dysplasia in red plaque (vascularized leukoplakia)

A

Erythroplakia

94
Q

most common location for SCC

A

floor of mouth

95
Q
A

SCC

96
Q
A

SCC

97
Q
A

top: leukoplakia
bottom: erythroplakia

98
Q
A

Erythroplakia

99
Q
A

leukoplakia

100
Q

blood vessels seen on bottom R

A

Erythroplakia

101
Q
A

SCC (Keratin Pearl)

102
Q
A

SCC nest

103
Q

dry mouth (from medications or mouth breathing)

A

Xerostomia

104
Q

most common in middle aged adults
pain and swelling during meals

A

Sialolithiasis (salivary duct stones)

105
Q

most common location of Sialolithiasis

A

submandibular duct

106
Q

inflammation caused by infection from S. aureus due to salivary duct stone

A

Sialadenitis

107
Q
A

mumps

108
Q

virus that causes mumps

A

rubulavirus

109
Q

protect against mumps

A

MMR

110
Q

mumps can lead to damage of _____ organs

A

reproductive

111
Q

testicles

A

normal on L; scarring on R

112
Q

pt infected with rubulavirus and has testicular scarring

A

mumps

113
Q

80% of salivary gland tumors occur in ____

A

parotid

114
Q

most common benign salivary gland neoplasm (parotid affected)

A

pleomorphic adenoma

115
Q

most common malignant salivary gland neoplasm

A

mucoepidermoid carcinoma

116
Q
A

pleomorphic adenoma

117
Q

this benign mixed tumor of parotid that consists of epithelial and mesenchymal tissue

A

pleomorphic adenoma

118
Q
A

tumor on top
normal on bottom

119
Q

normal parotid gland tissue consists of what two things

A

adipose tissue and serous

120
Q

male smoker in his 40-50s presents with bilateral parotid tumor

A

Warthin’s tumor

121
Q
A

Warthin’s tumor

122
Q

benign cystic tumor consisting of germinal centers

A

Warthin’s tumor

123
Q

male in 50s-60s presents with this picture

A

Adenoid cystic carcinoma

124
Q

glands forming cysts w/in the glands

A

adenoid cystic carcinoma

125
Q

most common malignant salivary gland tumor

A

mucoepidermoid carcinoma

126
Q

benign tumor with unknown cause that arises in cells that make teeth so tumor present in jaw

A

Amaloblastoma

127
Q

cells that make teeth

A

amaloblasts

DIG: Biweekly 1 (11 decks)

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