Sos: Oral Cavity and Salivary Glands Flashcards
central processing centers of appetite regulation
arcuate nucleus
area postrema
_____located in hypothalamus and controls appetite
arcuate nucleus
_____located in brainstem and controls appetite
are postrema
state in which energy intake exceeds energy expenditure
obesity
this part of the brain deals with pleasure
amygdala
hormone produced by adipose tissue that suppresses appetite
leptin
hormone produced by pancreas and used to decreased glucose in blood and suppress appetite
insulin
hormone secreted by stomach wall and increases appetite
Ghrelin
receptor in the brain that tells us we are not hungry
GLP-1
hormone in hypothalamus that increases hunger
Orexin
largest salivary gland
parotid gland
parotid gland drains saliva through what duct
Stensen’s duct
this duct can get obstructed and saliva won’t drain
Stensen’s duct
drains 70% of saliva
submandibular glands
saliva from submandibular glands drains through____
Wharton’s duct
found in floor of oral cavity and contains multiple ducts
sublingual glands
gland?
parotid gland (serous)
gland?
submandibular gland (mucinous and serous)
gland?
sublingual gland (mucinous)
only digestive secretion controlled by neural factors
salivary secretion
cause large quantity of watery secretion rich in electrolytes and enzymes
parasympathetic nerves
cause a release of mucus in the saliva
sympathetic nerves
parasympathetic n. innervating all 3 glands of oral cavity
CN IX (glossopharyngeal)
2 main parasympathetic nerves producing saliva secretion
CN VII and CN IX
sympathetic innervation causing decrease in salivation
superior cervical ganglion (T1-T3)
main function of salivary glands
lubrication
2 main functions of saliva itself
protects against microorganisms
breaks down starches
enzymes in saliva that break down starch
amylase and lipase
____% of starch is broken down in oral cavity
30%
lipase in stomach prefers____ pH
acidic
lipase in pancreas prefers ____ pH
basic
1st step in saliva production
acinar cells produce isotonic solution
2nd step in saliva production
solution becomes hypotonic when passes through ductal tree
how is saliva made isotonic
NaCl + H2O into blood
how is saliva made hypotonic
NaCl out of blood and HCO3- in
deglutition
swallowing
main function of enteric NS
push contents down the GI tract
mastication and release of saliva in presence of food
oral phase of swallowing
bolus of food at base of tongue triggers autonomic reflex of swallowing
pharyngeal phase of swallowing
waves of esophageal peristalsis
esophageal phase of swallowing
provides sensory and motor innervation to oropharynx
CN IX (glossopharyngeal)
provides sensory and motor innervation to upper teeth and hard palate
CN V (trigeminal)
nerve that provides taste and facial expression
CN VII (facial)
cutaneous surface: outside lip
oral surface: inside lip
inside lip
most common cancer of skin and oral cavity
SCC
Consists of intrinsic and extrinsic muscles that manipulate food for mastication and swallowing
tongue
All regions of the tongue that have _____ detect all five taste qualities
taste buds
difficulty swallowing
dysphagia
painful swallowing
Odynophagia
gag reflex (stimulation of upper pharynx) activates ________ sensory neurons
CN IX
_____ nerve causes pharyngeal constriction
CN X (vagus)
_____ nerve causes thrusting of the tongue
CN XII (hypoglossal)
area in brain that deals with appetite and vomiting
area postrema
emesis
vomiting
3 phases of emesis
prodrome
retching
vomiting
depression of jaw causes by what muscle
lateral pterygoid
elevation of jaw caused by what muscles
temporalis
masseter
medial pterygoid
retraction of jaw caused by
temporalis
protrusion of jaw caused by what muscle
lateral pterygoid
innervation of muscles of mastication
CN V (trigeminal branch 3)
innervation of the tongue
CN XII (hypoglossal n.)
where is the problem
damage to CN XII on side where deviation is occurring
intrinsic muscle that depresses tongue (CN XII innervation)
inferior longitudinal
intrinsic muscle that elevates tongue (CN XII innervation)
superior longitudinal
extrinsic muscle that protrudes tongue
genioglossus
extrinsic muscle that retrudes and depresses tongue
hyoglossus
extrinsic muscle that retracts and elevates tongue
styloglossus
2 main oral cavity functions
digestion
immune system
_______ tonsillar ring makes up oral cavity immune system
Waldeyer’s
______tissue makes up Waldeyer’s Tonsillar Ring
lymphoid
tonsils + _____ make up Waldeyer’s tonsillar ring
adenoids
pt presents w/ fever, sore throat, foul breath, dysphagia, odynophagia, and tender cervical nodes
tonsillitis
normal or abnormal tonsil tissue
normal (but hyperplastic)
normal or abnormal tonsil tissue
abnormal, can see bacteria
normal or abnormal tonsil tissue
abnormal, can see inflammatory cells
a yeast that lives in the oral cavity that can overtake the oral cavity and cause an infection
Candida
main risk factor for oral candidiasis
weakened immune system
aka canker sores
Aphthous ulcer
painful, not contagious ulcer
Aphthous ulcer
L: normal tissue
R: ulcer (inflammation seen)
multisystem disorder
multiple ulcers in mucosal areas
Behcet’s syndrome
pt presents with oral and genital ulcers, ocular lesions, skin lesions, and joint and CNS involvement
Behcet’s syndrome
____ and ____ can cause oral or genital lesions
HSV-1 and HSV-2
pt has cold sore that goes away, becomes latent in CN V, and reappears during stress
oral herpes
HSV
HSV
3 M’s of HSV cells
multinucleated
molding
margination
SCC of outer lip due to what
UV radiation
SCC of inner lip due to what
smoking/alcohol
____ occurs before SCC
dysplasia
dysplasia in white plaque
leukoplakia
dysplasia in red plaque (vascularized leukoplakia)
Erythroplakia
most common location for SCC
floor of mouth
SCC
SCC
top: leukoplakia
bottom: erythroplakia
Erythroplakia
leukoplakia
blood vessels seen on bottom R
Erythroplakia
SCC (Keratin Pearl)
SCC nest
dry mouth (from medications or mouth breathing)
Xerostomia
most common in middle aged adults
pain and swelling during meals
Sialolithiasis (salivary duct stones)
most common location of Sialolithiasis
submandibular duct
inflammation caused by infection from S. aureus due to salivary duct stone
Sialadenitis
mumps
virus that causes mumps
rubulavirus
protect against mumps
MMR
mumps can lead to damage of _____ organs
reproductive
testicles
normal on L; scarring on R
pt infected with rubulavirus and has testicular scarring
mumps
80% of salivary gland tumors occur in ____
parotid
most common benign salivary gland neoplasm (parotid affected)
pleomorphic adenoma
most common malignant salivary gland neoplasm
mucoepidermoid carcinoma
pleomorphic adenoma
this benign mixed tumor of parotid that consists of epithelial and mesenchymal tissue
pleomorphic adenoma
tumor on top
normal on bottom
normal parotid gland tissue consists of what two things
adipose tissue and serous
male smoker in his 40-50s presents with bilateral parotid tumor
Warthin’s tumor
Warthin’s tumor
benign cystic tumor consisting of germinal centers
Warthin’s tumor
male in 50s-60s presents with this picture
Adenoid cystic carcinoma
glands forming cysts w/in the glands
adenoid cystic carcinoma
most common malignant salivary gland tumor
mucoepidermoid carcinoma
benign tumor with unknown cause that arises in cells that make teeth so tumor present in jaw
Amaloblastoma
cells that make teeth
amaloblasts
