Sos: Oral Cavity and Salivary Glands Flashcards
(127 cards)
1
Q
central processing centers of appetite regulation
A
arcuate nucleus
area postrema
2
Q
_____located in hypothalamus and controls appetite
A
arcuate nucleus
3
Q
_____located in brainstem and controls appetite
A
are postrema
4
Q
state in which energy intake exceeds energy expenditure
A
obesity
5
Q
this part of the brain deals with pleasure
A
amygdala
6
Q
hormone produced by adipose tissue that suppresses appetite
A
leptin
7
Q
hormone produced by pancreas and used to decreased glucose in blood and suppress appetite
A
insulin
8
Q
hormone secreted by stomach wall and increases appetite
A
Ghrelin
9
Q
receptor in the brain that tells us we are not hungry
A
GLP-1
10
Q
hormone in hypothalamus that increases hunger
A
Orexin
11
Q
largest salivary gland
A
parotid gland
12
Q
parotid gland drains saliva through what duct
A
Stensen’s duct
13
Q
this duct can get obstructed and saliva won’t drain
A
Stensen’s duct
14
Q
drains 70% of saliva
A
submandibular glands
15
Q
saliva from submandibular glands drains through____
A
Wharton’s duct
16
Q
found in floor of oral cavity and contains multiple ducts
A
sublingual glands
17
Q
gland?
A
parotid gland (serous)
18
Q
gland?
A
submandibular gland (mucinous and serous)
19
Q
gland?
A
sublingual gland (mucinous)
20
Q
only digestive secretion controlled by neural factors
A
salivary secretion
21
Q
cause large quantity of watery secretion rich in electrolytes and enzymes
A
parasympathetic nerves
22
Q
cause a release of mucus in the saliva
A
sympathetic nerves
23
Q
parasympathetic n. innervating all 3 glands of oral cavity
A
CN IX (glossopharyngeal)
24
Q
2 main parasympathetic nerves producing saliva secretion
A
CN VII and CN IX
25
sympathetic innervation causing decrease in salivation
superior cervical ganglion (T1-T3)
26
main function of salivary glands
lubrication
27
2 main functions of saliva itself
protects against microorganisms
breaks down starches
28
enzymes in saliva that break down starch
amylase and lipase
29
____% of starch is broken down in oral cavity
30%
30
lipase in stomach prefers____ pH
acidic
31
lipase in pancreas prefers ____ pH
basic
32
1st step in saliva production
acinar cells produce isotonic solution
33
2nd step in saliva production
solution becomes hypotonic when passes through ductal tree
34
how is saliva made isotonic
NaCl + H2O into blood
35
how is saliva made hypotonic
NaCl out of blood and HCO3- in
36
deglutition
swallowing
37
main function of enteric NS
push contents down the GI tract
38
mastication and release of saliva in presence of food
oral phase of swallowing
39
bolus of food at base of tongue triggers autonomic reflex of swallowing
pharyngeal phase of swallowing
40
waves of esophageal peristalsis
esophageal phase of swallowing
41
provides sensory and motor innervation to oropharynx
CN IX (glossopharyngeal)
42
provides sensory and motor innervation to upper teeth and hard palate
CN V (trigeminal)
43
nerve that provides taste and facial expression
CN VII (facial)
44
cutaneous surface: outside lip
oral surface: inside lip
45
inside lip
46
most common cancer of skin and oral cavity
SCC
47
Consists of intrinsic and extrinsic muscles that manipulate food for mastication and swallowing
tongue
48
All regions of the tongue that have _____ detect all five taste qualities
taste buds
49
difficulty swallowing
dysphagia
50
painful swallowing
Odynophagia
51
gag reflex (stimulation of upper pharynx) activates ________ sensory neurons
CN IX
52
_____ nerve causes pharyngeal constriction
CN X (vagus)
53
_____ nerve causes thrusting of the tongue
CN XII (hypoglossal)
54
area in brain that deals with appetite and vomiting
area postrema
55
emesis
vomiting
56
3 phases of emesis
prodrome
retching
vomiting
57
depression of jaw causes by what muscle
lateral pterygoid
58
elevation of jaw caused by what muscles
temporalis
masseter
medial pterygoid
59
retraction of jaw caused by
temporalis
60
protrusion of jaw caused by what muscle
lateral pterygoid
61
innervation of muscles of mastication
CN V (trigeminal branch 3)
62
innervation of the tongue
CN XII (hypoglossal n.)
63
where is the problem
damage to CN XII on side where deviation is occurring
64
intrinsic muscle that depresses tongue (CN XII innervation)
inferior longitudinal
65
intrinsic muscle that elevates tongue (CN XII innervation)
superior longitudinal
66
extrinsic muscle that protrudes tongue
genioglossus
67
extrinsic muscle that retrudes and depresses tongue
hyoglossus
68
extrinsic muscle that retracts and elevates tongue
styloglossus
69
2 main oral cavity functions
digestion
immune system
70
_______ tonsillar ring makes up oral cavity immune system
Waldeyer's
71
______tissue makes up Waldeyer's Tonsillar Ring
lymphoid
72
tonsils + _____ make up Waldeyer's tonsillar ring
adenoids
73
pt presents w/ fever, sore throat, foul breath, dysphagia, odynophagia, and tender cervical nodes
tonsillitis
74
normal or abnormal tonsil tissue
normal (but hyperplastic)
75
normal or abnormal tonsil tissue
abnormal, can see bacteria
76
normal or abnormal tonsil tissue
abnormal, can see inflammatory cells
77
a yeast that lives in the oral cavity that can overtake the oral cavity and cause an infection
Candida
78
main risk factor for oral candidiasis
weakened immune system
79
aka canker sores
Aphthous ulcer
80
painful, not contagious ulcer
Aphthous ulcer
81
L: normal tissue
R: ulcer (inflammation seen)
82
multisystem disorder
multiple ulcers in mucosal areas
Behcet's syndrome
83
pt presents with oral and genital ulcers, ocular lesions, skin lesions, and joint and CNS involvement
Behcet's syndrome
84
____ and ____ can cause oral or genital lesions
HSV-1 and HSV-2
85
pt has cold sore that goes away, becomes latent in CN V, and reappears during stress
oral herpes
86
HSV
87
HSV
88
3 M's of HSV cells
multinucleated
molding
margination
89
SCC of outer lip due to what
UV radiation
90
SCC of inner lip due to what
smoking/alcohol
91
____ occurs before SCC
dysplasia
92
dysplasia in white plaque
leukoplakia
93
dysplasia in red plaque (vascularized leukoplakia)
Erythroplakia
94
most common location for SCC
floor of mouth
95
SCC
96
SCC
97
top: leukoplakia
bottom: erythroplakia
98
Erythroplakia
99
leukoplakia
100
blood vessels seen on bottom R
Erythroplakia
101
SCC (Keratin Pearl)
102
SCC nest
103
dry mouth (from medications or mouth breathing)
Xerostomia
104
most common in middle aged adults
pain and swelling during meals
Sialolithiasis (salivary duct stones)
105
most common location of Sialolithiasis
submandibular duct
106
inflammation caused by infection from S. aureus due to salivary duct stone
Sialadenitis
107
mumps
108
virus that causes mumps
rubulavirus
109
protect against mumps
MMR
110
mumps can lead to damage of _____ organs
reproductive
111
testicles
normal on L; scarring on R
112
pt infected with rubulavirus and has testicular scarring
mumps
113
80% of salivary gland tumors occur in ____
parotid
114
most common benign salivary gland neoplasm (parotid affected)
pleomorphic adenoma
115
most common malignant salivary gland neoplasm
mucoepidermoid carcinoma
116
pleomorphic adenoma
117
this benign mixed tumor of parotid that consists of epithelial and mesenchymal tissue
pleomorphic adenoma
118
tumor on top
normal on bottom
119
normal parotid gland tissue consists of what two things
adipose tissue and serous
120
male smoker in his 40-50s presents with bilateral parotid tumor
Warthin's tumor
121
Warthin's tumor
122
benign cystic tumor consisting of germinal centers
Warthin's tumor
123
male in 50s-60s presents with this picture
Adenoid cystic carcinoma
124
glands forming cysts w/in the glands
adenoid cystic carcinoma
125
most common malignant salivary gland tumor
mucoepidermoid carcinoma
126
benign tumor with unknown cause that arises in cells that make teeth so tumor present in jaw
Amaloblastoma
127
cells that make teeth
amaloblasts
