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DIG: Biweekly 1 > Lopez: Pancreas > Flashcards

Lopez: Pancreas Flashcards

1
Q

head of pancreas lies where

A

in curve of duodenum

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2
Q

where does the tail of pancreas lie

A

by the spleen

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3
Q

neck of pancreas lies anterior to what

A

superior mesenteric a. and v.

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4
Q

this artery run on top of pancreas

A

splenic a.

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5
Q

what triggers the sphincter of Oddi (hepatopancreatic)

A

food

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6
Q

regulates flow of hepatic and pancreatic juices into duodenum

A

sphincter of Oddi

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7
Q

small opening in small intestine where the pancreatic and bile ducts meet and release their secretions (can be obstructed by gall stone here)

A

ampulla of vater

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8
Q

what cells of pancreas secretes HCO3 to neutralize stomach acid

A

ductal cells

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9
Q

order of smallest duct of pancreas to pancreatic duct

A

intercalated duct
intralobular duct
interlobular duct
pancreatic duct

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10
Q

cluster of acinar cells

A

pancreatic acinus

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11
Q

what secretes pancreatic enzymes to the pancreatic duct

A

pancreatic acinus

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12
Q

what epithelium makes up intercalated duct

A

simple cuboidal epithelium

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13
Q

alpha and beta cells of pancreas help make up what

A

Islet of Langerhans

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14
Q

alpha cells produce

A

glucagon

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15
Q

beta cells produce

A

insulin

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16
Q
A

acinar cells (thymogen granules)

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17
Q
A

ductal cell (mitochondria seen)

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18
Q

breaks down starch in saliva

A

amylase

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19
Q

pancreatic enzyme that continues digestion of starches

A

amylase

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20
Q

aids in protein digestion in the stomach

A

pepsin in presence of HCl

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21
Q

pancreatic enzymes that help further protein digestion

A

protease
trypsin
chymotrypsin

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22
Q

enzyme in the oral cavity, in the stomach, and pancreas that aids in fat digestion

A

lipase

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23
Q

where CCK is produced

A

from I cells in duodenum

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24
Q

CCK stimulates what cells to secrete pancreatic enzymes

A

pancreatic acinar cells

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25
Q

___ stimulates gallbladder to contract and release bile

A

CCK

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26
Q

stimulates pancreatic enzymes

A

CCK

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27
Q

____ stimulates stomach to produce acid and increases motility

A

gastrin

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28
Q

stimulates pancreas to secrete HCO3- and water to neutralize chyme

A

secretin

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29
Q

released from adipose tissue and controls hunger

A

leptin

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30
Q

important during fasting and breaks down glycogen to release glucose into blood

A

glucagon

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31
Q

regulates absorption of glucose from the blood into tissues

A

insulin

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32
Q

both ___ and ___ shut off acid production of stomach

A

CCK and secretin

33
Q

cluster of endocrine cells

A

Islet of Langerhans

34
Q

Delta cells produce

A

somatostatin

35
Q

PP cells produce

A

pancreatic polypeptide

36
Q

congenital malformation that causes the head of pancreas to wrap around duodenum; biliary emesis

A

Annular pancreas

37
Q

congenital malformation where the dorsal and ventral pancreatic ducts do not merge into 1, leaving 2 ducts

A

Pancreatic Divisum

38
Q

blood tests to check for acute pancreatitis

A

elevated amylase and lipase
Ca2+ levels
triglycerides

39
Q

sudden onset inflammation of pancreas

A

acute pancreatitis

40
Q

2 main risk factors for acute pancreatitis

A

gallstones
alcohol abuse

41
Q

severe abd pain (epigastric-radiating to back) and elevated pancreatic enzymes

A

acute pancreatitis

42
Q
A

Grey-Turner’s sign (acute pancreatitis)

43
Q
A

Cullen’s sign (acute pancreatitis)

44
Q
A

fox sign (acute pancreatitis)

45
Q

autodigestion of pancreas

A

pancreatitis

46
Q

pathogenesis of pancreatitis:

A

inflammatory cells and cytokines cause pancreatic inflammatory response—–> hemorrhagic necrosis and fat necrosis

47
Q

systemic inflammatory cascade of pancreatitis can lead to what

A

organ failure

48
Q

pancreatic enzyme activation at the wrong time caused by what

A

acinar cell injury

49
Q

L pleural effusion common w/ what

A

acute pancreatitis

50
Q
A

necrosis

51
Q

risk factors for this include alcohol use and smoking

A

chronic pancreatitis

52
Q

chronic abd pain
malabsorption
steatorrhea
weight loss

A

chronic pancreatitis

53
Q

pathognomonic feature of chronic pancreatitis

A

pancreatic calcifications

54
Q

pathogenesis of chronic pancreatitis:

A

long standing inflammation and toxins leading to destruction and pancreatic insufficiency

55
Q

arrows

A

pancreatic calcifications

56
Q

fibrosis seen

A

chronic pancreatitis

57
Q

pancreatitis
steatorrhea
hypoproteinemia
exocrine pancreatic insufficiency

A

cystic fibrosis on pancreas

58
Q

condition in which there is inadequate production and secretion of digestive enzymes from the pancreas

A

Exocrine Pancreatic Insufficiency (EPI)

59
Q

patient has diarrhea and malabsorption and chronic pancreatitis, and weight loss, dx?

A

exocrine pancreatic insufficiency

60
Q

fecal pancreatic elastase 1 assay (FPE1) >200 microgram/g stool

A

dx exocrine pancreatic insufficiency

61
Q

patient has steatorrhea and fat soluble vitamin deficiencies, and weight loss

A

exocrine pancreatic insufficiency

62
Q

malignant tumor in ductal system of exocrine pancreas

A

pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma

63
Q

most common type of pancreatic cancer

A

pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma

64
Q

risk factors of this include smoking, chronic pancreatitis, genetics

A

pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma

65
Q

most common location of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma

A

pancreatic head

66
Q

PJS
Lynch syndrome
Ataxia-telangiectasia

A

genetic factors of exocrine pancreatic cancer

67
Q
A

normal cuboidal

68
Q
A

abnormal cuboidal (cancer)

69
Q

mutations in what genes lead to pancreatic cancer

A

KRAS
p16
p53

70
Q

what happens before carcinoma in pancreatic cancer

A

dysplasia of PanIN lesions

71
Q
A

normal

72
Q
A

pancreatic cancer

73
Q

CA19-9
CEA
CA125

A

serum tumor markers

74
Q

islet cell tumors

A

pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors

75
Q

elevated insulin
pancreas
hypoglycemic syndromes

A

Insulinoma

76
Q

elevated gastrin
duodenum
reflux, ulcers, GERD

A

Zollinger-Ellison syndrome

77
Q

elevated vasoactive intestinal peptide
pancreas
diarrhea/dehydration

A

VIPoma

78
Q

3 pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors:

A

insulinoma
gastrinoma
VIPoma

DIG: Biweekly 1 (11 decks)

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