Sos: Pathology of Large Intestine Flashcards
RLQ pain
+ McBurney’s sign
acute appendicitis
Lumen obstruction > wall compression from continued mucus formation > wall necrosis > acute inflammation > perforation
acute appendicitis pathophys
pt has fever
N/V
RLQ pain
acute appendicitis
acute appendicitis
common chronic disorder involving large intestine w/ unknown cause
IBS
control sx’s of this w/ stress reduction, diet management, and healthy lifestyle choices
IBS
No histopathologic findings of this syndrome or increase chance of colorectal adenocarcinoma
IBS
chronic inflammation of GI tract resulting in permanent damage possibly leading to adenocarcinoma
IBD
2 types of IBD
Ulcerative colitis
Crohn’s disease
chronic inflammation of intestines that can lead to cancer
IBD
20s and 60s
starts in rectum and progresses to cecum in a linear fashion
Ulcerative colitis
large intestine lose haustra and contains pseudopolyps
Ulcerative colitis
normal mucosa surrounded by erosion
pseudopolyps
“lead pipe” appearance on imaging
ulcerative colitis
inflammation restricted to mucosa and submucosa
UC
contains crypt abscesses
UC
pt presents w/ LLQ abdominal pain and bloody diarrhea
ulcerative colitis
associated w/ primary sclerosing cholangitis and pANCA
ulcerative colitis
can develop toxic megacolon and adenocarcinoma if disease progresses
ulcerative colitis
L: normal
middle: UC
R: UC
lead pipe (loss of haustra)
ulcerative colitis
ulcerative colitis
pseudopolyp
2 ways to describe large intestine on histology
test tubes and daisy fields
test tubes (large intestine)
crypt abscess on daisy field (large intestine)
crypt abscess
15 to 35 yrs
lesions found anywhere on GI tract (from oral cavity to anus—->rectum sparing)
Crohn’s disease
most common site for Crohn’s disease
Ileum
least common site for Crohn’s disease
rectum
contains skip lesions and strictures
Crohn’s disease
in Crohn’s disease, wall can become so thick that mesenteric fat wraps around serosa
“creeping fat”
mucosal “cobblestone” appearance
Crohn’s disease
people with this disease can develop malabsorption w/ nutritional deficiency and fistula formation
Crohn’s disease
sx’s of this focus on RLQ abdominal pain and non-bloody diarrhea
Crohn’s disease
cobblestone mucosa
Crohn’s disease
string sign of Kantor (Crohn’s disease)
Crohn’s disease
can be associated with internal or external fistulas
Crohn’s disease
“blue balls in the wall”
Crohn’s disease
“granuloma in mucosa”
Crohn’s disease
dysplasia to adenocarcinoma by what 2 IBDs
UC and Crohn’s
C. difficile overgrowth, within days, due to antibiotic treatment during hospital stay
Pseudomembranous colitis
Symptoms include watery diarrhea, abdominal cramps/pain, fever, nausea and dehydration
pseudomembranous colitis
Rx C.diff
Vancomycin or Fidaxomicin
pseudomembranous colitis
mushroom exudate living on top of mucosa
pseudomembranous colitis
pseudomembranous colitis
Thinning and dilation of the abdominal aorta caused by smoking, diet and hypertension increasing atherosclerosis of the wall
Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm (AAA)
Atherosclerosis and increased inflammation destroys the elastic properties of the wall allowing for both dilation and obstruction
AAA
Typically asymptomatic until rupture which is often quickly fatal
Symptoms include back and naval pain, sharp extreme pain during rupture
AAA
____ can cause IMA obstruction or insufficiency
AAA
AAA