Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Veterinary Neurology > Somesthesis > Flashcards

Somesthesis Flashcards

1
Q

Light touch

A

Detected by cutaneous extero-receptors that are rapidly adapting (detect transient events)
Transmitted by A-beta fibers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Proprioception

A

Perception of body projections and movement (including info from muscles, joint capsules, ligaments, tendons, and vestibular system)
More deeply situated by groups I-a, I-b, and II afferents
Nervous system must compare output to muscle with input from muscle and tendons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Gross touch

A

Detected by cutaneous extra-receptors that are rapidly adapting (detect transient events)
Transmitted by A-beta and A-delta fibers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Temperature

A

Separate sets of fibers and thermoreceptors that respond to increases and decreases in skin temperature
Slowly adapting neurons
Cold receptors: A-delta and C fibers
Warmth receptors: unmyelinated afferents

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Fast pain

A

Pain from cutaneous tissues comes from A-delta fibers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Muscle afferents

A

info about contractile status

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Deep receptors

A

Joints and proprioception

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Cutaneous receptors

A

Subserve tactile sensation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

SI (primary somatosensory cortex)

A

Complete map of body represented in postcruciate gyrus, projects to primary motor cortex (MI)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Oral and facial projections (from VCM)

A

terminate more laterally

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Trunk and limb projections (from VCL)

A

terminate medially

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Slow pain

A

Pain from cutaneous tissues comes from C fibers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Dentin

A

Radially oriented tubules with odontoblasts protruding in at dento-pulpal interface
Changes in hydrodynamic pressure in tubules cause odontoblast to move -> afferents -> pain
A-delta = sharp localized pain
C = diffuse, poorly localized aching

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Trigeminal ganglion

A

cell bodies of receptors which innervate facial skin and oral cavity, analogous to dorsal root ganglia; reflects 3 incoming branches (V1, 2, 3)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Subnucleus oralis

A

Division of V spinal nucleus
Represents oral cavity (tooth pulp, gingival, palate, buccal mucosa)
Mediates oral cavity reflexes (chewing and defensive)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Subnucleus interpolaris

A

Division of V spinal nucleus
Represents head and oral cavity
Mediates tactile facial reflexes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Subnucleus caudalis

A

Division of V spinal nucleus
Complete representation of face and oral cavity
Relay of pain and thermal sensation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

C fibers

A

Lightly myelinated or unmyelinated
Smaller diameter axons, slower conducting
Pain and temperature

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Spinothalamic tract

A

formed by axons that cross the spinal cord at levels in which their cell bodies are located
Interruption reduces pain and temp sensations contra laterally, targets ventrocaudal thalamus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Spinoreticular tract

A

many fibers terminate in medullary reticular formation, some relay in midbrain reticular formation, involved in arousal and motivational-affective reactions to nociceptive stimulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Reticular

A

most primitive motor system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Tooth pulp

A

Contains endings of A-delta and C afferents -> pain
A-beta afferents -> non-painful sensations
Directly sensitive to mechanical disturbances

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Nociceptors

A

pain receptors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Gracile fasiculus

A

Receives input from sacral, lumbar, and lower thoracic roots, representing lower trunk and legs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Pacinian corpuscle

A

Fast adapting A-beta touch fibers
Laminated with central neurotic, sensitive to minimal skin distortion (gingival)
More sensitive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Meissner’s corpuscle

A

Specialized fast adapting receptors
Located within dermal papillae of glabrous skin and supplied by A-beta class fibers
Less sensitive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Hair cells

A

A-beta fibers
Quickly adapting
No sustained discharge if hair is bent for more than a few seconds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Slowly adapting

A

Discharge for the duration of the stimulus

Maintained events

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Free nerve endings

A

Nociceptors that detect pain
Subspecialized, myelinated and unmyelinated
A-delta fibers in skin and mucosa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Cuneate fasiculus

A

Added lateral and gracile fascicles at ind-thoracic cord level
Transmits input from upper trunk, arms, and neck

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Dorsal column senses

A

light/fine touch, proprioception of trunk and limbs

32
Q

Internal arcuate fibers

A

Axons from cells in dorsal column nuclei

Cross to other side of brainstem and form medial lemniscus

33
Q

Rapidly adapting

A

Discharges briefly then stops
Potentials at start and end of stimulus
Transient or high frequency events

34
Q

I-a fibers

A

Fast conduction axons involved in muscle stretch, primarily spindle receptors in proprioception

35
Q

A-delta fibers

A

Large diameter, conduct slightly slower than A-beta

Touch, temperature, and pain

36
Q

A-beta fibers

A

Large diameter, more rapidly conducting axons

Supply majority of touch receptors

37
Q

Ventral quadrant senses

A

pain, temperature, crude touch

38
Q

Motor pathways

A

Motor nucleus of V -> motor neurons to muscles of mastication
Trigeminal nerve -> muscles of mastication

39
Q

Somesthesis

A

body sensibility or somatosensory capacities

40
Q

Interoceptors

A

located within the viscera and respond to changes in internal environment

41
Q

Merkel cells

A

slowly adapting touch receptors located in hairy skin in face, glabrous skin of hand

42
Q

Dorsal column pathway (forelimb and cranial trunk)

A

DRGC -> cuneate fasiculus -> synapse in cuneate fasiculus -> cross as internal arcuate fibers -> medial lemniscus -> VCL -> internal capsule -> somatosensory cortex

43
Q

Face somesthetic pathway (light touch)

A

Trigeminal ganglion cells -> trigeminal nerve -> prinicpal/chief sensory nucleus -> joins medial lemniscus -> VCM -> somatosensory cortex

44
Q

Face somesthetic pathway (proprioception from muscles of mastication)

A

Mesencephalic nucleus -> spinal tract of V -> trigeminal nerve -> muscles of mastication
Mesencephalic nucleus cells have peripheral processes in muscle proprioceptors, cell bodies in mesencephalon, and central processes terminating in motor nucleus of V

45
Q

Face somesthetic pathway (crude touch, pain, temp)

A

Trigeminal ganglion cells -> spinal trigeminal tract -> spinal trigeminal nucleus then:

a. crossed spinothalamic tract -> VCM -> internal capsule -> somatosensory cortex
b. crossed spinoreticulothalamic tract -> reticular formation, IL, hypothalamus -> IL to internal capsule -> widespread cortical areas
c. some cross and join medial lemniscus -> VCM -> somatosensory cortex

46
Q

Dorsal column pathway (hindlimb and caudal trunk)

A

DRGC -> gracile fasiculus -> synapse in gracile nucleus -> cross as internal arcuate fibers -> medial lemniscus -> VCL -> internal capsule -> somatosensory cortex

47
Q

Ventral quadrant pathways

A

DRGC -> dorsal horn cells -> crossed spinothalamic tract -> VCL -> internal capsule -> somatosensory cortex
DRGC -> dorsal horn cells -> crossed spinoreticulthalamic tract -> reticular formation, IL, hypothalamus -> IL to internal capsule -> widespread cortical areas

48
Q

What tracts compose the dorsal columns?

A

gracile fasciculus and cuneate fasciculus

49
Q

Which tract serves the upper limbs?

A

cuneate fasciculus

50
Q

Which tract serves the lower limbs?

A

gracile fasciculus

51
Q

Where do the fibers which form the dorsal column tracts have their cell bodies? Do they arise/project ipsi or contra?

A

Soma are in the dorsal root and fibers arise ipsi.

No synapse in the dorsal horn

52
Q

Are the dorsal column tracts arise with large or small fiber input?

A

large

53
Q

What modalities are carried in the dorsal columns?

A

muscle, joint, hair, and touch receptors

54
Q

Where do dorsal column tracts terminate?

A

cuneate and gracile nuclei (respectively)

55
Q

Where does the medial lemniscus originate? Do these fibers arise on the ipsi or contra side?

A

Axons from the dorsal column nuclei (gracile/cuneate) cross (contra) and form the medial lemniscus

56
Q

What modalities are carried by the medial lemniscus?

A 
Direction of movement across skin
Differentiation of tactile sensation
Posture/dexterity of extremities
Skin localization
Shapes and textures
Foot adapting m. 
Joint, hair, touch receptors
57
Q

What body regions are represented in the medial lemniscus?

A

entire body

58
Q

Where does the medial lemniscus terminate?

A

VCL thalamic nucleus

59
Q

Tracts composing the ventral ascending pathways?

A

Spinothalamic and spinoreticular tracts (ST, SR)

60
Q

Do these tracts carry modalities around with large or small peripheral afferent input?

A

small

61
Q

What modalities do the ventral tracts carry?

A

pain, temperature and touch (PTT)

62
Q

Where do the fibers that comprise the tracts have their cell bodies?

A

Spinal dorsal horn

63
Q

Do these cells ascend ipsi or contra?

A

bilateral

64
Q

Where do the SR tacts fibers terminate?

A

medullary reticular formation, IL complex, hypothalamus

65
Q

Where do the ST tract fibers terminate?

A

VC thalamus and IL

66
Q

How are the SR and ST tracts similar/different?

A

Modality: PTT (same)
Origin: spinal dorsal horn (same)
Course: SR- bi, ST- contra
Terminate: SR- IL, ST- VCL

67
Q

Sensory modalities of the trigeminal nerve? Where are the cell bodies?

A

Face: PTT, cell bodies are in the trigeminal ganglion

68
Q

What is the spinal tract of V?

A

the central process of the trigeminal ganglion which disperses input to all levels of the trigeminal complex

69
Q

Where are the cells of origin of the ST of V?

A

trigeminal ganglion

70
Q

Where does the ST of V terminate?

A

sensory nucleus and spinal nucleus of V

71
Q

Which trigeminal nucleus is a/w transmittance of light touch?

A

chief sensory nucleus of V

72
Q

How is proprioception transmitted to the cerebral cortex?

A

mesencephalic nucleus of V

73
Q

Pain to the cerebral cortex?

A

subnucleus caudalis of spinal nucleus V

74
Q

The primary cortex is in the:

A

posterior postcruciate gyrus

75
Q

the foot is:

A

more medial compared to the face (on the gyrus)

76
Q

difference in projection pattern: VCL/VCM/IL

A

VCL: specific
VCM: specific
IL: diffuse

77
Q

What is the IL nucleus? What does it receive and where does it project?

A

IL nucleus: intralaminar nucleus of the thalamus
Receive: SR and ST tracts
Projects diffusely to cortex and other brain regions

Veterinary Neurology (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions