Additional review questions

Question 1

True/False: Spiral ganglioin cell peripheral processes synapse with hair cells of the cochlea

Answer 1

True

Question 2

True/False: A lesion of the optic tract on the left side will produce partial loss of vision in the right eye and complete loss in the left eye

Answer 2

False- partial loss in left eye

Question 3

True/False: Intrafusal muscle fibers of the muscle spindle fire action potentials upon contraction of the extrafusal skeletal muscle with which they are associated

Answer 3

True

Question 4

True/False: The myotactic reflex that is triggered by 1a afferents extensor muscles and inhibits flexors

Answer 4

True

Question 5

Target tissues of the autonomic nervous system typically:

a) include skeletal muscle
b) receive input from only one branch of the autonomic nervous system
c) are excited by parasympathetic input
d) can have receptors for both acetylcholine and norepinephrine

Answer 5

D) can have receptors for both acetylcholine and norepinephrine

Question 6

Put in correct order from peripheral to central, following the flow of auditory information:

a) lateral lemnsicus
b) auditory cortex
c) cochlear nucleus
d) caudal colliculus
e) medial geniculate nucleus

Answer 6

C-> A-> D-> E-> B

Question 7

Define “motor unit”

Answer 7

An alpha motoneuron and all the muscle fibers it innervates

Question 8

Which two long motor tracts travel in the dorsolateral white matter of the spinal cord?

Answer 8

corticospinal tract

rubiospinal tract

Question 9

Trunk motor neurons are found on which aspect of the spinal cord ventral horn, medial or lateral?

Answer 9

medial

Question 10

For conjugate eye movement, indicate which of the following is involved:
Voluntary eye movement (V) 
Horizontal eye movement in response to head rotation (H)
Pursuit eye movement (P)
a) Frontal cortex
b) Occipital cortex
c) PPRF
d) Vestibular nucleus

Answer 10

A) V
B) P
C) V, P, H
D) H

Question 11

Match the tract with it's function:
a) voluntary control of proximal limb muscles
b) voluntary control of distal limb muscles 
c) postural stability
d) orientation and startle responses
Tectospinal\_\_\_
Rubiospinal\_\_\_
Vestibulospinal\_\_\_
Corticospinal\_\_\_

Answer 11

Tectospinal=D
Rubiospinal=A
Vestibulospinal=C
Corticospinal=B

Question 12

Spinocerebellar input reaches the cerebellum by which cerebellar peduncle; rostral, middle, or caudal?

Answer 12

caudal

Question 13

Which cortical area integrates information about whole body homeostasis?

a) cingulate complex
b) hippocampus
c) insula
d) postcruciate gyrus
e) precruciate gyrus

Answer 13

C) insula

Question 14

The mesolimbic dopaminergic system originates in which region?

a) substantia nigra
b) ventral lateral thalamus
c) rostral colliculus
d) ventral striatum
e) ventral tegmental area

Answer 14

E) ventral tegmental area

Question 15

The orbitofrontal cortex is involved in which function?

a) learning the reward value of stimuli
b) processing high level visual information
c) integrating auditory and tactile information
d) planning complex behavior
e) reproductive behavior

Answer 15

A) learning the reward value of stimuli

Question 16

Which of the following is an example of behavioral compensation?

a) restoring ability to perform a task in exactly the same manner it was performed prior to injury or disease
b) restoring function in residual neuronal tissue that was initially lost due to injury or disease
c) Ability to perform a task but in a manner different from how it was performed prior to injury or disease

Answer 16

C) Ability to perform a task but in a manner different from how it was performed prior to injury or disease

Question 17

Define “neuroplasticity” and identify 3 factors that influence it

Answer 17

Any observable change in neuron structure or function

• drugs
• injury
• hormones

Question 18

True/False: The motor side of the pupillary light reflex is mediated by cranial nerves IV and VI

Answer 18

False: afferent- II, efferent- III

Question 19

What white matter tract coordinates the actions of motor neurons involved in movement of the eyeball?

Answer 19

tectospinal tract

Question 20

The optic tract distributes axons to which three brain regions?

Answer 20

pretectal area, rostral colliculus, lateral geniculate nucleus

Question 21

Which 3 cranial nerves transmit taste information to the rostral solitary nucleus and general visceral information to the caudal solitary nucleus?

Answer 21

facial, hypoglossal, vagus

Question 22

After crossing to the other side in the medulla, axons carrying fine touch from the leg will terminate in the:

Answer 22

somatosensory cortex

Question 23

Axons in the left cuneate fasciculus have their cell bodies of origin where? (indicate the side)

Answer 23

left dorsal root ganglion

Question 24

Damage to the medial lemniscus will result in loss of _____ on the _______ side of the body.

Answer 24

fine touch and proprioception; opposite

Question 25

Axons mediating pain and temperature from the face enter the brainstem and terminate in the ______ nucleus

Answer 25

IL

Question 26

Fibers in the ascending pathway from the vestibular nucleus terminate in the nuclei which influence the _____ muscles

Answer 26

extraocular;

CN 3,4,6; sensory =CNS

Question 27

Which vestibular end organs respond to the following?

a) linear acceleration of the head
b) angular acceleration of the head

Answer 27

a) uttricle/saccule

b) lateral semicircular canal