some micro Flashcards
-artificial passive immunity
inject immunoglobulin into you
ie. step on a nail or cut with glass → doctor will administer tetanus antitoxin
artificial active immunity
injection of an artificial vaccine ie. polio, DTP, measles
to prevent tetanus
keep wound open and clean
natural passive immunity
natural antibody given to you ie. mother breast feeding gives baby IgA
71 year old man presents with sudden fever, productive cough and one time shiver episode. The most common agent is
Strep pneumonia
- Injection with Sabin and/ or Salk vaccine gives immunity to —
polio
Germ theory and pasteurization
pasteur
first small pox vaccine
jenner
antibiotic discoverer
Flemming
- Which of the following scientists is responsible for discovery of yellow fever
Reed
- What is the heaviest and largest immunoglobulin
IgM
no lymph node enlargement
produces enterotoxin → does not enter blood stream
gets in rice water stool → dehydration and vomiting
Cholera
hand, foot, mouth disease
Coxsackie virus
rubella virus
German measles
Paramyxovirus
mump virus
- Which of the following could cause epidemic parotidis
*mump virus → Paramyxovirus
disinfectants is used during preoperative preparations
iodine
mercuric chloride
skin antiseptic
used for gonorrhea infection of the eye
silver nitrate
makes up the cell wall of a bacteria
Peptidoglycan
fungal infections resembles a pulmonary infection similar to TB
Histoplasma → fungus that is inhaled
virus is most contagious in which of the following stages
eclipse
causes a lower respiratory infection
Chlamydia psittici → causes psisticosis → “Parrot fever”
associated with ulcer
Helicobacter
associated with larynx and pharynx
Coryebacterium diphtheria
cause strep throat
Strep pyogenes
AA secreted through tears, saliva and breastmilk
IgA
immunoglobulin elevated in a primary response the largest immunoglobulin
IgM
immunoglobulin elevated in a secondary response able to cross the placenta the most numerous in the blood
IgG
increased in paraditic infection and allergic reactions
IgE
unknown function
IgD
serology test for Rickettsia
Weil felix
test for TB
Mantoux
phosphatase test for what?
to see if milk is pasteurized enough
causative agent of Q fever
Coxiella Burneti
most common form of malaria
Plasmodium vivax
aka Black water fever → due to kidney failure
Plasmodium falciparum
Where do malaria (Plasmodium) organisms replicate
RBCs
Which organisms are classified by their methods of locomotion
protozoa
organism is coagulase positive
staph aureus
all staph organisms are
catalase +
only staph ____ is coagulase +
aureus
used to differentiate between staph and strep
catalase test
virus capsid is made up of
protein coat
inner viral capsid is made of
DNA/RNA
herpes simplex produces a latent infection in the ____ system
nervous
common agent of atypical pneumonia
mycoplasma pneumonia
most common typical pneumonia
strep pneumonia
usually acquired in hospitals
causes hemorrhaging of the lung and cough up red currant jelly sputum
Klebsiella pneumonia
What is the mode of transportation of Legionella
water droplets
seen in small pox → has been eradicated
Guanieri bodies
Brodie’s abscess
chronic osteomyelitis
rheumatic fever → strep
mitral valves destroyed causing lesion →
Aschoff bodies
cause of exudative lesions of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and can cause caseous necrosis
Ghon tubercle → seen in the lungs
Gram positive (+)
a) staph
b) strep
c) bacillus → spore former
d) clostridia → spore former → tetnea, botulin, perfringens
e) Corynebacterium diptheriae
an infection of virus into a bacteria and altering it
bacteriophage
transmitted by Ades aegypti mosquito
Yellow fever (walter REED)
most common hookworm in North America
Necator Americanis
Ascariasis lumbicoides
most common round worm
Reiter’s syndrome:chlamydia triad
conjunctivitis → “can’t see”
urethritis (aka non-gonococcal urethritis) → “can’t pee”
arthritis → “can’t dance with me”
the most common cause of the common cold virus
rhinovirus
→ the most common cause of infantile diarrhea due to a bacteria
E. coli
the most common cause of infantile diarrhea due to a virus
rotovirus
Most toxic fat soluble vitamin =
D
sequelae as a result of measle
SSPE (subacute sclerosing panencephalitis)
- drink infected water
- cause ‘Beaver fever’ when camping
- traveler’s diarrhea
Giardia lamblia
inhaled → get fungus balls in the lungs
- ingest → cause squamous cell carcinoma of the stomach - found in nuts and grains
Aspergillus fumigus
What does Quelling reaction do
cause swelling
Quelling rxn is characteristic of ____ Capsule
streptococcal/pneumococcal pneumonia
microaerophile
bacteria that grows better in slightly reduced oxygen
largest health and safety organization that does finding for disease research is
NIH
causes spontaneous abortion in cattle
undulant fever
and found in unpasteurized milk
Brucella abortus
What test do you use for Enterobius vermicularis
anal cellophane tape test
parasite is diagnosed by recovering typical eggs from the perianal fold
Enterobius vermicularis – pinworm
administration of influenza vaccines not been effective
different strains
You should not give a child with influenza
ASA (acetyl salcyclic acid)
caused by aspirin in children
Reye syndrome
- Organisms that only uses molecular oxygen as the final electron acceptor are known
as
obligate aerobes
following characterizes all bacteriodes and clostridia
anaerobes
all bacteria that live in the intestinal system
Bacteriodes
all intestinal bacteria are Gram ______
negative
- A 45 year old woman presents with fever, fatigue, headache and a bulls-eyed rash
on her back. The most likely causative agent is
Borrelia borgdorfi
- Which of the following represents a type of delayed hypersensitivity
Type IV
an active & invasive opportunist
Staphylococcus aureus
zoonosis disease is spread by spores
*anthrax
from rabbits
tularemia
found in burn victims,gram negative, oxidase positive rod, which can often be isolated in blue-green pus and can produce both pyocyanin and properdin
Pseudomonas aeriginosa
produce gold pus
Staph Aureus
red pus
serratus marsans
anything that ends in –osis effects
lungs
consumes inorganic material
autotroph
consumes dead organic material
saprophyte
consumes organic material
heterotroph
causes childhood dysentery
Coxsackie virus B
difference between diarrhea and dysentery
dysentery has blood in the stool
What is the common cause of Bacillary dysentery
Shigella shigella shigelosis
- The most effective type of sterilization in a laboratory is
autoclaving
- Which of the following is a counterstain to the gram stain technique
safranin
- A five year old presents with fever, sore throat and difficulty breathing. Exam reveals a gray pseudomembrane over the pharynx. Which is the etiologic agent
Corynebacterium diphtheria
- Fecal contamination of water is determined by
coliform count
Why is the fish tapeworm bad
depleats vitamin B12 in the intestine
person could thus develop pernicious anemia
most common round worm
present in the duodenum
-Ascariasis lumbricoides
