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Comp Test > Biochem > Flashcards

Biochem Flashcards

1
Q

pentose sugar

A

ribose

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2
Q

ketose sugar

A

fructose

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3
Q

aldose sugars

A

ribose and glucose

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4
Q

alpha 1-4 bond?

A

Maltose

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5
Q

Alpha 1-2 and Beta 1-2 bond?

A

sucrose

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6
Q

Beta 1-4 bond

A

Lactose

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7
Q

arachidonic acid # of carbons:double bonds

A

20:4

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8
Q

Linolenic # of carbons:double bonds

A

18:3

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9
Q

Linoleic # of carbons:double bonds

A

18:2

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10
Q

Eicosaptaenoic Acid

A

20:5

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11
Q

converts cholesterol into bile

A

liver

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12
Q

emulsifies fat

A

bile

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13
Q

fat+bile=

A

mixed micelle

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14
Q

allosteric enzyme for cholesterol

A

HMG CoA Reductase

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15
Q

highest % TG

A

chylomicron

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16
Q

transports dietary lipids to body

A

Chylomicron

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17
Q

lipids from liver to body

A

vLDL

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18
Q

lowest % lippoproteins

A

VLDL

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19
Q

highest % cholesterol

A

LDL

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20
Q

removes excess cholesterol from blood

A

HDL

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21
Q

Lecithin cholesterol transferace (LCAT)

A

important enzyme for HDL

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22
Q

Beta Oxidation

  1. function
  2. location
  3. produces
  4. final piece?
  5. requires?
A
  1. cuts FA chain, two carbons, at a time to make Acetyl CoA
  2. Mitochondria
  3. 1 Acetyl CoA, reduces 1 FAD to FADH2, and 1 NAD to NADH
  4. final piece is 3 carbons long
  5. carnitine
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23
Q

Ketogenesis

  1. forms
  2. increases in
A
  1. ketone products byproducts of beta-oxation

2. fasting, low carb diet, Diabetes mellitus, 3rd trimester pregnancy

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24
Q

ketone bodies

A

acetoacetate,
acetone
hydroxybutryrate

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25
Q

what is the primary substrate for lipogenesis?

A

acetyle CoA

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26
Q

Lipogenesis

  1. location
  2. produces
  3. intermediate
  4. required
A
  1. cytoplasm
  2. Fatty acids, 2 carbons at a time
  3. Malonyl CoA
  4. Acetyl CoA, CO2 & NADH
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27
Q

what stimulates lipogenesis?

A

ATP & insulin

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28
Q

what inhibits lipogenesis

A

Epi and glucagon

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29
Q

transfers a phosphate

A

Kinase

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30
Q

Kreb’s cycle location

A

Mitochondria

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31
Q

ETC Location

A

Inner Mitochondira

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32
Q

Ketogenic AA

A

Leucine

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33
Q

PVT. Tim Hall

A

essential AAs

Phenylalinine, Valine, Tryptophan,Threonine, Isoleucine, Methioninine, Histidine(Arginine),Leucine, Lysine

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34
Q

Semi essential AAs

A

Histidine, Arginine

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35
Q

Aromatic ring AAs

A

Phenylalanine, tryptophan, Tyrosine

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36
Q

AA that can help with depression

A

tyrosine

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37
Q

Basic AAs have a _____ charge at a neutral pH

A

positive

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38
Q

HAL

A

Basic AAs

Hall is a Basic kind of guy

Histidine, Arginine,Lysine

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39
Q

STAG

A

Neutral

Serine, Threonine, Asparagine, Glutamine

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40
Q

Methionine, Cysteine

A

Sulfer containing AA

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41
Q

Not Glucogenic

A

Leucine and Lysine

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42
Q

LIV

A

Branch chain AA

Leucine, Isoleucine, Valine

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43
Q

Acidic AAs

A

glutamate

Aspartate

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44
Q

aliphatic “chain”

A

Glycine, Alanine, Valine, Leucine,Isoleucine

less hydrophilic to more hydrophilic

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45
Q

Urea cycle takes place primary in the

A

Liver

46
Q

lack in grains

A

lysine, threonine and tryptophan

47
Q

____ is carried to the urea cycle by ______

A

ammonia, glutamate

48
Q

what AA donate Nitrogen for purines and pyridines?

A

Glutamine, Aspartate & Asparagine

49
Q

Muscle is able to oxidize what AAs?

A

GAL VIA

Glutamate, Aspartate, Leucine, Valine, Isoleucine, Asparagine

50
Q

AA by products from exercise

A

Ammonia

51
Q

by product from glucose and excerise

A

lactate

52
Q

ammonia+lactate=

A

alanine

53
Q

glucose-alanine cycle

AKAs

A

ammonia becomes urea and lactate becomes glucose in the liver

cori cycle
lactic acid cycle

54
Q

requires ATP and MG and rids body of toxic Ammonia

A

Urea cycle

55
Q

enyzyme for Urea Cycle

A

carbamoyl phosphate synthetase

56
Q

Farco, GA

A

intermediates for Urea cycle

Fumarate, ARginine, citrulline, ornithine, glutamate, aspartate

57
Q

number and sequence of AAs that determines the structure

A

primary structure

58
Q

alpha helix and beta pleated sheet… aka “beta bend”

A

secondary structure

59
Q

protein is maximally folded for function

A

tertiary structure

60
Q

more than 1 chain of protein is called a ____ struture

A

quaternary structure eg hemoglobin has 4 chains

61
Q

lack of this vitamin causes Beri Beri

A

B1/Thiamine

62
Q

Lack of this vitamin causes “Magenta tongue”

cheilosis, angular stomatitis, blurred vision

A

B2/Riboflavin

63
Q

cause of pellagra

A

lack of vitamin B3/Niacin

64
Q

4 Ds of Pellagra

A

diarrhea, dermatitis, dementia, death

65
Q

lack of vitamin causes Burning feet (rare)

A

B5/Pantothenic acid

66
Q

water soluble but can be toxic

A

B6/Pyridoxine

67
Q

lack of this vitamin can lead to megaloblastic anemia as well an neural tube defects

A

folic acid B9

68
Q

reticulo cytosis is associated with

A

B9 and B12:=

“macrocytic anemia”

69
Q

mylinates nerves

A

B12

70
Q

hydrologic acid is a

A

muccopolysaccharide

71
Q

biotin is used for carboxylation during

A

gluconeogenesis

72
Q

polypeptide hormone

A

insulin

73
Q

strict vegetarians lack ____ in their diet

A

cobalamin

74
Q

DNA bases are held together via ______ bonds

A

esther

75
Q

precursor for carbon used in glucose

A

glycine

76
Q

product of demineralization of methionine

A

homocysteine

77
Q

phenylalanine turned into ____ via the enzyme ______

A

tyrosine

phenylalanine hydroxylase.

78
Q

monoamine Neurotransmitters

A

dopamine
EPI
Norepi
melanin-skin pigment

79
Q

decarboxylation of acetoacetate leads to

A

acetone (not acetate)

80
Q

Niacin is made up of

A

NADH and NADPH

81
Q

boards

A

suck

82
Q

what is the cause of PKU or phenylketonuria?

A

Lack of enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase (turn phenylalanine to tyrosine

83
Q

lack of B12 results in lack of

A

glycine

84
Q

contains copper

A

cytochrome A3

85
Q

cystine is made of 2 molecules of

A

cysteine

86
Q

Start codon is usually made up of

A

methionine

87
Q

what aa begins translation?

A

methionine Start codon

88
Q

phenylalanine can be converted into what other AA

A

Tyrosine

89
Q

what is the precursor for L-dopa,EPI, NorEPI and melanin?

A

tyrosine

90
Q

precursor for niacin and serotonin

A

tryptophan

91
Q

NAD and NADP reduced

A

NADH and NADPH

92
Q

precursor AA for histamine?

A

histidine

93
Q

enzyme responsible for peptide bonds between adjacent AA

A

Peptidyl transerfase

94
Q

folding of single polypeptide

A

tertiary structure

95
Q

multiple polypeptides are resemble the ____ structure

A

quaternary

96
Q

Holds O2 in muscle

A

myoglobin

97
Q

of polypeptides in hemoglobin

A

4

98
Q

Allows hemoglobin To dump O2 in muscle

A

Bohr effect

99
Q

increase in CO2 and decrease in pH from lactic acid

A

makes it easier for Hemoglobin to release O2 into muscle

100
Q

low km

A

high affinity for enzyme

101
Q

High km

A

low affinity for enzyme

102
Q

add or remove phosphate

A

transferases (kinase)

103
Q

removes h

A

dehydrogenase

104
Q

carboxylase

A

Liase add CO2

105
Q

rate limiting enzyme in FA synthesis

A

acetyl CoA carboxylase

106
Q

acetyle-CoA + CO2=

A

malonyl COA (RLS of FA snyth)

107
Q

RLS of gluconeogenesis

A

pyruvate +CO2=oxaloacetate

108
Q

RL enzyme of gluconeogenesis

A

pyruvate carboxylase

109
Q

nitrogen from muscle is transported to liver via

A

alanine

110
Q

apartate transaminase (AST) aka

A

Glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase GOT

111
Q

what enzyme is tested for CA

A

AST

112
Q

converts AA to alpha ketoacid

A

aminotransferase

Comp Test (15 decks)

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