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Semester 2 2021 > some extra anat shit > Flashcards

some extra anat shit Flashcards

1
Q

What nerves pass through inferior orbital fissure

A

infraorbital nerve
zygomaticoorbital nerve
orbital branches

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2
Q

What nerves pass through sphenopalatine foramen

A

nasopalatine nerve

posterior nasal branches

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3
Q

What nerves pass through palatine canals

A

greater and lesser palatine nerves.

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4
Q

What does the nasopalatine nerve innervate

A

nasal septum and hard palate

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5
Q

where does the posterior nasal branch innervate

A

to superior lateral wall of nose

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6
Q

What nerve passes through palatopharyngeal canal

A

palatopharyngeal nerve

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7
Q

What does the palatopharyngeal nerve supply

A

the upper nasopharynx posterior to opening of auditory tube

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8
Q

Name the innervations of the lacrimal gland

A

arises from pterygopalatine branches and then passes through to the zygomaticoorbital nerve

the lacrimal gland has triple innervation:
1) sensory from ophthalmic nerve
2) parasympathetic from facial nerve
and sympathetic from hitchikers on zygomaticoorbital and ophthalmic nerves

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9
Q

Where does the sphenopalatine foramen open into?

A

It opens into the lateral wall of the nasal cavity at the level just posterior to middle cocha

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10
Q

Where does greater and lesser palatine foramina

A

it opens into posterior hard palate

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11
Q

Where does palatopharyngeal canal open into

A

opens posterior to nasal septum

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12
Q

Where does the nasolacrimal duct drain?

A

inferior meatus

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13
Q

Where does the sphenoethmoidal recess drain?

A

sphenoidal sinus

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14
Q

Where does the posterior ethmoidal sinus drain?

A

superior meatus

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15
Q

What parts of the nose is lined with respiratory epithelium

A

respiratory region between inferior and middle concha

Choanae

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16
Q

What parts of the nose is lined with olfactory epithelium

A

superior concha, upper septum, roof over upper septum

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17
Q

What parts of the nose is lined with stratified non keratinizing epithelium

A

atrium

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18
Q

Where does the chorda tympani pass between?

A

malleus and incus

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19
Q

At what muscle does the chorda tympani join the lingual nerve

A

deep to the lateral pterygoid muscle

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20
Q

What are the functions of stapedius and tensor tympani

A

reflex response to high intensity sounds. Muscles contract to reduce vibrations of ossicles and therefore reduces sound intensity before it reaches inner ear

tensor tympani pulls the tympanic membrane inward which reduces sound intensity transmission

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21
Q

What is the tensor tympani innervated by

A

mandibular nerve

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22
Q

What is the bony labyrinth part of

A

petrous tympanic bone. It is continuous with the spongy bone of the petrous temporal bone.

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23
Q

cochleal duct

A

3 hollow structures: scala tympani, vestibuli and medius. Cochleal duct (synonymous with scala media) contains endolymph and organ of corti

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24
Q

what is found in scala vestibuli and tympani

A

perilymph

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25
Q

what is found in the utricle and saccule

A

a sensory region called the macula

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26
Q

What kind of neurons are found in the ears?

A

bipolar neurons

27
Q

The route of the vestibulocochlear nerve

A

these nerves emerge at the inferior border of pons with nervus intermedius between them. Nervus intermedius is the sensory and parasympathetic root of the facial nerve.

The facial nerve separates from the vestibulocochlear nerve in the medial part of the internal accoustic meatus and passes into a separate facial canal

28
Q 
Sternocleidomastoid
function
origin
A

flex head, raise sternum function

orig

29
Q

trapezius
function
origin
motor and sensory supply

A

pulls shoulders back,, rotates shoulder, raises arm
origin: external occipital protuberance and superior nuchal line to T12

MOTOR-accessory nerve
sensoryL ventral cervical rami

30
Q

digastric
function
nerves

A

depresses mandible
elevates hyoid
posterior belly: facial nerve
anterior belly: mylohyoid nerve( inferior alveolar nerve branch)

31
Q

omohyoid

innervation

A

hyoid to omo (border of scapula
there is intermediate tendon separating superior and inferior belly.
anterior: body of hyoid to intermediate tendon

ansa cervicalis for both sensory and motor

32
Q

ansa cervicalis

A

innervates all prevertebral and lateral muscles

33
Q

accessory nerve

1) cranial
2) spinal accessory

A

2 components

34
Q

Deep cervical lymph nodes:

A

Rare Japanese jujuvampires

jugulodigastric
retropharyngeal
jugulo-omohyoid
supraclavicular (virchow)

35
Q

superficial nodes of head

A 
above the mandible
occipital
retroauricular
parotid
buccal
36
Q

superficial nodes of neck

A 
below the mandible
superficial cervical
submandibular
submental
anterior cervical
37
Q

Tears of the eye

A

Serous: lacrimal and accessory serous gland

Mucus gland-conjunctival glands

Sebaceous glands-sebaceous tarsal glands-meibomian glands

38
Q

Ora serrata

A

junction between choroid and ciliary body

39
Q

Iris
contraction
dilation

A

Dilation is from sympathetic innervation on radial muscle

Contraction is from circular smooth muscle around pupil controlled by parasympathetic fibres of occulomotor origin

40
Q

Eye accomodation

A

Sphincter of ciliary body contracts (parasympathetic control). Try to remember that contraction of the eye is typically parasympathetic.
This causes less tension on zonule fibres, making the lens more flat

41
Q

Where do tears drain

A

tears drain into the medial corner of the eye into the nasolacrimal duct via the lacrimal canaliculi

42
Q

Sensory retina

A

optic disc-site of optic nerve so its a blind spot.

Maxula/fovea- focus. Region of greatest acuity

43
Q

iris anterior and posterior part

A

anterior is uvea

posterior is nonsensory retina

44
Q

how thick is lens

A

2 cells thick

45
Q

anterior and posterior part of ciliary body

A

uvea anterior

non-sensory retina posterior

46
Q

Drainage of aqueous humour

A

aqueous humor is produced in the folds of ciliary body

80% drain via trabecular meshwork into scleral venous sinus/canal of schlemn. 20% drain into uveoscleral angle

47
Q

Pupillary reflex

corneal reflex

A

cornea-if touched.

1) touch cornea
2) sensed by ophthalmic nerve
3) response to blink via facial nerve innervating orbicularis occuli

Pupillary reflex:
too much light into one eye causes both pupils to contract
sensory-via optic nerve

response is parasympathetic supply to sphincter of pupil via occulomotor nerve.

48
Q

ophthalmic artery

A

supplies virtually everything in orbit, eyeball, eyelid and forehead.

Also lacrimal gland. Literally everything. Detail not needed

49
Q

venous drainage of eye

A

retinal veins converge on optic disc and enter optic nerve as central vein of retina. These drain into superior ophthalmic vein into the cavernous sinus.

The inferior ophthalmic drains the orbit and enter cavernous sinus.

tldr they both enter cavernous sinus and cavernous sinus can drain into pterygoid venous plexus via emissary veins.

50
Q

Ophthalmic nerve

A

purely sensory.
Supplies the sensory aspect of lacrimal gland and skin
Forms supraorbital and supratrochlear branches, passing over levator palpebrae superioris

Nasociliary region.

51
Q

levator palati

A

medial auditory tube to palatal aponeurosis

aka, tensor veli palatini

52
Q

tensor palati

A

scaphoid fossa, sphenoid bone and lateral wall of cartilagenous auditory tube to hamulus where it forms a tendon. Tendon inserts into and becomes part of the palatoaponeurosis

53
Q

palatoglossus

A

continuation of levator palati, and depresses palate, elevates root of tongue

54
Q

Palatopharyngeus

A

lateral soft palate to join salpingopharyngeus to posterior border thyroid cartilage. Depresses palate

55
Q

hyoglossus: t

A

thyrohyoid

56
Q

parotid capsules

A

derived from deep cervical fascia

zygomatic arch, mandible, styloid process and tympanic plate

zuper MST
Zygomatic
Mandible
Styloid
Tympanic process

Part of the capsule which is attached to the styloid process and angle of mandible forms stylomandibular ligament

57
Q

what pierces buccal fat pad

A

buccal nerve and parotid duct

58
Q

parotid innervation

A

sympathetic from external carotid plexus

sensory from greater auricular branch of cervical plexus and auriculotemporal nerves

59
Q

vestibular folds

A

are found above vocal fold

60
Q

extrinsic membranes of the larynx

A

thyrohyoid membrane
cricotracheal membrane

Thyrohyoid membrane forms thyrohyoid ligament

61
Q

intrinsic membranes

A

quadrangular membrane forms vestibular ligament and cricothyroid membrane
forms vocal ligament

62
Q

pyramid

A

tendon of stapedius emerges here

63
Q

muscles attached to auditory tube

A

levator palati
tensor palati
salpingopharyngeus
tensor tympani

Semester 2 2021 (7 decks)

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