Some Confusing and Important points Flashcards
Nikolsky’s sign
Seen in pemphigus, familial benign chronic pemphigus and recessive form of epidermolysis bullosa . Loss of epithelium due to rubbing resulting in raw, sensitive surface,
Auspitzs sign
- Seen in psoriasis. . If the deep scales are removed, one or more tiny bleeding points are disclosed:
Higoumenaki’s sign
Seen in congenital syphilis [KCET-2012] . Characterized by irregular thickening_of sternoclavicular portion of clavicle
Trousseau’s sign
Seen in tetany (Hypoparathyroidism) . Trousseau’s sign is the appearance of carpal spasm after application of pressure on the arm by inflation of the sphygmomanometer cuff
Chvostek’s sign
Seen in tetany. Tapping at the angle of saw stimulates the facial nerve and causes twitching of the muscles of face on the same side
Battle’s sign
Seen in subcondylar fractures and fractures involving base of skull ◦ Characterized by ecchymosis in the post auricular region over the mastoid process.
Guiren’s sign
Seen in Lefort-I fracture. . Seen as ecchymosis near greater palatine foramen.
Racoon sign
It is a useful feature indicative of basilar skull fracture. ◦ The condition is seen as periorbital ecchymosis from subconjunctival hemorrhage, which occurs secondary to blood dissecting from the disrupted skull cortex to the soft tissue of the periorbita region .
“Hanging drop sign” in. radiograph
ndicates orbital floor fracture. It is due to herniation of inferior oblique and inferior rectus muscles in to antrum. . * Best demonstrated in waters projection.
Crowe’s sign (Axillary Freckling)
Von Recklinghausen’s neurofibramatosis (Elephant Man Syndrome)
Murphy’s sign
Seen in cholecystitis
Tinel’s sign
Used earlier as an indication of the start of nerve regeneration is elicited by percussion over the divided nerve, which results in tingling sensation in the . It supplied by the peripheralsection
Asboe-Hansen sign (blisterspread sign)
Asboe-Hansen sign refers to the ability to entarge a blister in the direction of the periphery by applying mechanical pressure on the roof of the intact blister spreading a blister into clinically of normal skin when lateral pressure is applied on the edge of a blister
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Cluster of jewels sign
Also termed string of pearls or rosettes sign
It refers to an early stage of chronic Bullous disease of childhood when new lesions appear at the margin of older ones resembling a cluster of jewels
Dubois Sign
Shortening of the little finger associated with congenital syphilis
Flag Sign
Flag sign refers to the horizontal alternating bands of discoloration in the hair shafts corresponding to periods of normal and abnormal hair growth
The flag sign maybe seen in patients with nutritional deficiencies such as kwashiorkor and with certain medications such as intermittent high dosage of methotrexate or following chemotherapy.
Patients with ulcerative colitis may also manifest the flag sign
Forchheimer’s sign
Refers to an enanthem of red macules or petechiae confined to the soft palate in patients with rubella. The sign presents in up to 20% of patients during the prodromal period or on the first day of the exanthema.
Gorlin’s sign
It is seen in patients with Ehlers-Danlos syndrome. It is used to describe the ability to touch the tip of the nose with the extended tongue
Hoagland’s sign
Hoagland’s sign is early and transient bilateral upper lid edema occurring in patients with infectious mononucleosis. The sign is usually present only for the first few days of the clinical presentation of the illness
Hutchinson’s nose sign
Hutchinson’s nose sign refers to the presence of vesicles occurring on the tip of the nose in patients with herpes zoster
Jellinek’s sign
Refers to eyelid pigmentation occasionally seen in hyperthyroidism. * The hyperpigmentation is secondary to increased corticotrophin levels and may also occur on other areas of the face but usually spares the buccal mucosa
Necklace of Casal sign
Refers to hyperpigmentation occurring on the neck owing to pellagra. The ‘necklace can extend as a broad collar-like band around the entire circumference of the neck
Russell’s sign
It is seen in patients with bulimia nervosa owing to repeated contact of the incisor teeth with the skin and during self-induced vomiting
Shawl Sign
It is seen in patients with dermatomyositis and is characterized by confluent, symmetric. macular violaceous erythema on the posterior shoulders and neck, giving a distinctive shawl-like appearance
Slapped Cheek Sign
Slapped cheek sign is seen in children with fifth disease (Erythema_infectiosum by parvovirus B19) as confluent, erythematous, edematous plaques on the cheeks.
Tin-Tack Sign
Also known as carpet tack sign, is a useful clinical feature in diagnosing discoid lupus erythematosus .
Pink Spot
Internal resorption.
Koplik Spot
Initial lesions in measles (Rubeola)
Roth Spot
Subacute bacterial endocarditis, typhoid fever.
Bitots Spot
Seen as white plaque in the conjunctiva of vitamin A deficient children.
Herald Spot
Primary lesions on skin seen in pitryiasis rosea
Cafe-au-lait Spots
Brownish pigmentation seen in neurofibromatosis, fibrous dysplasia, and Peutz-jeghers syndrome.
Sore spots
Traumatic ulcers from denture irritation.
Shick Test Elek’s Test
Diphtheria
Dick Test, Scultz-Charlton test
Scarlet fever
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