Important Clinical and Historical Features of some diseases Flashcards
Wickham’s striae, bilateral symmetrical distribution of lesions with female predilection. Saw tooth retepegs. liquefaction degeneration of basal layet, colloid or civatte bodies.
Lichen planus
Auspitz’s sign, painless non pruritic papules
No involvement of oral mucosa and Monro’s abscesses.
Psoriasis
Psoriasis, Reiter’s syndrome. benign migratory glossitis and ectopic geographic tongue.
Psoriasis form lesions
Positive Nikolsky’s sign. Tzanck cells and granular immuno Ruorescence.
Pemphigus
Nikolsky’s sign+ve Dilapidated brick wall effect.
Familial benign chronic pemphigus (Mailey-Hailey disease)
Butterfly distribution of lesions . Carpet tack extensions .LE.cell phenomenon Lupus erythematosus speckled or particulate immuno fourescence.
Lupus erythematosus
.Lesions on skin are rare except on genitalia
Ocularinvolvement is the most serious complication
Cicatrial pemphigoid/ Benign mucous membrane pemphigoid / Ocular pemphigus
Gingival tissues are involved
Separation of the basement membrane with the connective tissue from the overlying epithelium.
Bullous pemphigoid / Parapemphigus
Target or Iris or Bulls Eye Lesions Erythema multiforme Recent H/0 of Herpes simplex infection
Erythema multiforme
Corps ronds and grains, Leafing out pattern of parabasal cells Defect in demosome tonofilament complex.
Keratosis follicularis(Darriers disease)
Hyperkeratosis, acanthosis with a deep groove filled with parakeratin and absence of granular layer constituting the Cornoid Lamella
Porokeratosis of Mibelli
Mask like face, claw like hands, Raynauds phenomenon, CREST syndrome. staff board like tongue, coup de sabre and generalized widening of the periodontal ligament
scleroderma
Hyper elasticity of skin, hyper extensibility of joints. defective heating, rubber man
Lack of normal scalloping of DEJ
Ehlers danlos syndrome
Ulcers occurring on the masticatory mucosa, common in children Prodromal symptoms are present Presence of Lipschutz bodies and Ballooning degeneration
Primary herpetic stomatitis
Koplik spots.
Measles (Rubeola)
Bilateral contagious parotitis, elevated serum amylase level.
Mumps
Herpetic labialis, Herpetic whitlow (painful herpes simplex vrirus infection of a finger from direct inoculation. Most common in physicians, dentists, and nurses as a result of exposure to the virus in patient’s mouth) Ulcers on the masticatory mucosa, Tzanck cells.
Recurrent or secondary herpes virus infection
Ulcers occurring on the labile mucosa Precipitated commonly in stress. No history of Prodromal symptoms
Recurrent Apthous stomatitis
Sore throat, ulcers on the faucial pillars, soft and hard palate, Occurs as an epidemic summer Caused by Coxsackie group A virus
Herpangina
UNTLATERAL painful vesicles along the course of sensory nerves Tzanck cells
Herpes Zoster
Fungal disease affecting the reticulo-endothetial system and resembles granulomatous infection.
Phycomycosis (mucormycosis)
Strawberry tongue, Raspberry tongue.
Scarlet fever
Lock Jaw due to muscle trismus Risus sardonicus (Rigidity of facial muscles) Risus opisthotonus (Rigidity of entire body muscles)
Tetanus
Hebra nose
Rhinoscleroma
Rhagades formation is seen HUTCHINSONS TRIAD, which include hypoplasia of the incisor and molar teeth, eight nerve deafness and interstitial keratitis.
Congenital syphitis
Vesiculo bullous lesions affecting skin, oral mucosa, eyes and genitals.
Steven Johnson’s syndrome Cicatrial Pemphigoid Behcet’s syndrome Reiter’s syndrome
Cyst found in place of a tooth.
Primordial cyst
Cyst causing “hollowing out” of the entire ramus
Dentigerous cyst
Multilocular variant of lateral periodontal cyst.
Botryolid odontogenic yt
Keratin filled.cysts along the midpalatine raphae of the new born.
Epstein pearls
Keratin filled cysts along the junction of the hard and soft palate in the newborn.
Bohn’s modules
Cystic epithelium containing daughter or satellite cysts . Cystic fluid containing protein content of less than 4 gm/100 mL
Odontogenic keratocyst
Multiple odontogenic keratocysts, basal cell carcinoma, rib anomalies.
Jaw cyst - Basal cell nevus Bifid rib syndrome
Multiple odontogenic cysts. excessive length of bones, hyper extensibility of joints
Marfan’s syndrome
Driven snow radiographic appearance Lisegang rings. APUD amyloid Clear cells.
Calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumor (Pindborg tumor)
Cyst developing frequently in the anterior maxilla, occurring mostly at 20 years of age, female predilection.
Adenoameloblastoma
Tennis racket shaped septa * Pale cells, Dark cells histologically High content of hyaluronic acid
Odontogenic myxoma
Asymptomatic lesions occurring near the apices of mandibular incisors, vital teeth, female predilection.
Feriapical cemental dysplasia (cementoma)
Neoplasm made up of different types of tissues not native to the area.
Teratoma
Excessive proliferation of chronically inflamed dental pulp
Occurs mostly in teeth with large open carious lesions especially in children, contains few nerves
Chronic hyperplastic pulpitis (Pulp polyp)
Decayed VITAL tooth. sclerosing bone reaction, high tilssue resistance. low grade Infection, bone scar formation
Condensing osteitis
Decayed tooth, periosteal thickening, mandible predilection, occurring mostly in children
Garre’s osteomyeltis
Extreme fragility and fractures of the bones, blue sclera, brownish or yellowish teeth with translucent or opalescent hue
Osteogenesis imperfecta
Hyperostosls, tender, deeply placed soft tissue swellings occouring extensively in intants.
Infantile cortical hyperostosis
Brachycephalic skull. abnormalities of clavicles Hypermobilily of shoulder due to absence of clavicle
Multiple unerupted supernumerary teeth
Presence of Wormian bones
Absence of cellular cementum
Ceidocranlal dyplasia
Antimonologoid palpebral fissures, hyperplasia of malar bones and mandible, Facial Cleft, malformation of ears, fish like or bird like face, deficiency of eye lashes
Mandibulofacial dysostosis
Cleft Palate, micrognathia, glossopitosis, bird face
Pierre Robin Syndrome
Early synostosis of sutures, small maxilla, parrot beak nose, hypertelorism and triangular frontal defect
Craniofacial dysostosis
Mongoloid facies, subnormal mentality, large mandible, macroglossia, low caries incedence than in normal people, and high incidence of periodontal diseases
Down Syndrome
Endosteal production of bone, lack of resorption of bone, medullary cavities replaced by bone, thickened cortex
Osteopetrosis
Dwarfism disturbance of endochondral bone formation, possess high strength
Achondroplasia
Resorption of bone with ultimate total disappearance of bone.
Massive osteolysis (vanishing bone)
Enlargement of skull and jaw bones Compression of nerves in their foramens Both osteolytic and osteoblastic lesion, Cotton wool radiographic appearance Increased serum allaline phosphatase level, Mosaic and Jigsaw puzzle appearance of bone histologically Development of osteosarcoma in involved bones is common
Pagets disease
Caff-au-lait spots, endocrinal disturbances, lesions invotvring more than one bone.
Polyostotic fibrous dyplasia
Mottled, ground glass or peaud orange radiographic appearance, Lesion involving one bone, requires cosmetic recontouring as treatment. Chinese letter shaped trabeculae
Monostotic fibrous dysplasia
Chubby face. angelic look or or eyes towards heaven appearance Premature exfoliation of deciduous teeth, [which is also seen in Noonan’s syndrome Teeth appear to be floating in cystic spaces radiographically (foating tooth syndrome) Presence of giant cells histologically Ground glass appearance radiographically
Cherubism
Pain, muscle tenderness (mostly lateral pterygoid). clicking of TM), Limitation of jaw motion, lack of tenderness in the joint when it is palpated through external auditory meatus.
MPDS
Munters of Moeller’s glossítis Acholorhydria. nervous system involvement Howell-Jolly bodies and Cabot’s rings.
Pernicious anemia
Bald tongue of sandwith, Diarrhea, Dementia and Dermatitis.
Pellagra
General lack of bone marrow activity, anemia, thrombocytopenia and leucopenia
Aplastic anemia
Target cells, end or crew cut appearance of skull (This appearance causes a Step-lader effect in PA views of skull), Salt and Pepper appearance of IOPA
Thalassemia
Note: Salt and pepper effect in MRI of salivary gland is seen in Sjogren’s syndrome
Sickle hemoglobin (Hbs). sickle shaped erythrocytes. * Hait on end or crew cut radiographic appearance of skull.
Sickle cell anemia
Purplish discoloration of deciduous teeth, Enamel Hypoplasia involving the incisal edges of anterior teeth and middle 3rd of deciduous cuspid and 1st molar maybe seen resulting in a characteristic ring like defect known as Rh hump
Erythroblastosis fatalis
Oral ulcerations, presence of infection, . Lack of inflammatory cell infiltration around the lesions.
Agranulocytosis
Also known as Kissing disease Palatal petechiae is important identification feature Positive Paul bunnel and Monospot tests
Infectious mononuccosis
Periodic or cyclic diminution of PMNs for every 21 days.
Cyclic neutropenia
Philadelphia chromosome,
The most consistent chromosomal abnormality is Philadelphia chromosome involving the eciprocal translocation of parts of long arm of chromosome 2 to the long arm of chromosome 9
Chronic myeloid leukemia
Brown non cariogenic plaque line on the enamel at the cervical margin of the tooth.
Mesenteric line
Hematoxyphilic line between regular dentin and postoperative dentin * It is due to disturbance in dentin formation at the cavity preparation
Caciotraumatic line
Punched out lesions of interdental papilla, pseudomembrane, fusospirochetal infection (mostly of intermediate sized)
ANUG
Defective neutrophil chemotaxis., Mirror image shaped vertical bone loss around molars. Note: Mirror image shaped nuclei are seen in Hodgkin’s lymphoma
LJP
Juvenile periodontitis, Palmar plantar keratosis, calcification of falx cerebri.
Papillon Lefevre syndrome
Trigger zones, feeting severe pain of facial muscles, More involvement of maxillary and mandibular divisions than ophthalmic division, relieved rigeminal neuralgia commonly by carbamazepine
Trigeminal neuralgia
Alarm clock headache, vidian nerve neuralgia, no trigger zone.
Sphenopalatine neuralgia
Gustatory sweating.
Auriculotemporal or Frey’s syndrome
Mask like or expressionless face, inability to close eye on affected side Mouth drawn to unaffected side on smiling.
Bells palsy
Triggerzone in the tonsillar area, sharp shooting pain in the pharynx, tonsil or posterior portion of tongue.
Glossopharyngeal neuralgia
Charcots triad (nystagmus, tremor, and scanning speech). Personality and mood deviation towards friendliness.
Multiple sclerosis
Mypotahic facies, Swan neck
Dystrophic myotonia
Herculean appearance
Congenital myotonia
Sorrowful appearance
Myasthenia gravis
Floppy infant syndrome
Hypatonia
Petrified Man
Masseter is most commonly involved
Generalized myositis ossificans
Painless slow growing paratid mass, mixed tumor, hyaline cell. predilection for women
Pleomorphic adenoma
Bilateral chronic painless enlargement of lacrimal and salivary glands.
Mikulicz’s disease
Characterized by triad of Keratoconjunctivitis sicca, xerostomia and rheumatoid arthritis
Cherry blossom or bracelets fruit laden tree or salt and pepper appearance of Sialogram
Sjagren’s syndrome
Carcinoma insitu occurring in patients who have had arsenic therapy
Bowen’s disease
The basal cells are arranged in anastomosing cords or a duct like pattern, central portion may contain a mucoid material, producing a typical cibriform or swiss cheese or honey comb pattern
Perineural spread of tumor cells is seen
Adenoid cystic carcinoma(Cylindroma)
Most common malignant salivary gland tumor of children “
Most common intraosseus salivary gland neoplasm
Mucoepidermoid carcinoma
Exphytic growth with finger Like projections, cauliflower like surface
Most common benign neoplasm originating from surface epithelium.
Papilloma
Benign lesion esembling epidermoid carcinoma both clinically and histologically, a self healing lesion
Keratoacanthoma
Carcinoma resembling benign lesion *Parakeratin plugging is seen.
Verrucous carcinoma
Most common intra oral nevus.
Blue nevus
“Abtrop fung” or dropping off effect, junctional activity, premalignant condition.
Junctional nevus
Premalignant lesions.
Leukoplakia,Erythroplakia
Strap cells, racquet cells and ribbon cells.
Rhabdomyosarcoma
Intracellular edema of the spinous layer. The characteristic edematous cells are large and pale with a reticular pattern lesion resembles leukoplakia but is a variant of normal mucosa. * Lesion disappears on stretching the buccal mucosa.
Leukoedema
Buming sensation, trismus, absence of retepegs, reduced fibroblasts and hyalinization of collagen bundles.
Oral submucous fibrosis
Most common carcinoma of skin .Men predilection * Rolled out margins * Most frequent on middle third of the face * Direct spread, no metastasis, so known as benign carcinoma.
Basal cell carcinoma
Most common neoplasm of oral cavity, second most common neoplasm of skin, most common in lower lips
Epidermoid carcinoma
Epidermoid carcinoma which has poor prognosis.
Carcinoma of tongue and floor of the mouth
Malignant melanoma which exists solely in vertical growth phase.
Nodular melanoma
Most common benign soft tissue neoplasm of oral cavity.
Fibroma
Granular septa originating at right angles from the periphery of the lesion, indentation at the septa, lesion occurring anterior to the first molar usually:
Central giant cell granuloma
Loss of laminadura. ground glass appearance, brown tumors
Hyperparathyroidsm
Blood welling up from the tissue, eccentrically ballooned soap bubble radiographic appearance
Pseudocyst
Aneurysmal bone cyst
Pumping action i.e If the tooth in the tumor area Is pushed into the socket, it is rebounded back
Central haemangioma
Angiomas of skin in the area supplied by Vnerve. intracranial calcifications, lepto- meningeal angioma
Encephalo trigeminal angiomatosis
Predominate malignant bone tumor children, onion skin and sunray radiographic appearance.
Ewing’s sarcoma
Most common primary bone tumor. sunray appearance,widened periodontal ligament.
Osteosairoma
B-cell neoplasm caused by EBV virus. STARRY SKY histologic appearance.
Burkitt’s lymphoma
Reed-Sternberg_cell lacunar cell (R-S cell in nodular sclerosis type)
Hodgkin’s lymphoma
Bence Jones Protein Plasma cells with cart wheel Or checkerboard pattern of chromatin Russel bodies Multiple sharply punched out radlolucent areas, hyperglobulinemia, anemia
Multiple myeloma
Bence Janes proteins in urine with no anemia and hyperglobulinemia.
Solitary plasma cell myeloma (Plasmacytoma)
Cafe au lait spots. macroglossia, cosmetic disfigurement, neoplasm arising from perineural cells and Schwann cells
Neurofibroma
Metastatic lesions of the jaws are mostly from
Carcinoma of breast
Metastasis from mandibular sarcoma mostly occurs to
Lung
Protein deficiency with sufficient calorie intake. “Flag sign” hair.
Kwashiorkor
Starvation with overall lack of calories.
Marasmus
Photosensitivity, red urine (also seen in patients taking Rifampicin) Reddish brown discoloration of both deciduous and permanent dentition.
Porphyria
Gorgoyle cells or Hurler cells, Reily bodies.
Hurler syndrome
Magenta colored tongue. angular cheilitis.
Riboflavin deficiency
Vomiting after ingestion of fruit or cane sugar.
Hereditary fructose intolerance
Multiple punched out bone lesions, Exophtholmos, diabetes insipidus, multifocal eosinophilic granuloma.
Hand-Schuller Christian disease
Gaucher cells, glucosideroside deposition due to lack of an enzyme glucocerebrosidase.
Gaucher’s disease
Foamy, lipid laden Niemann pick cells, storage of sphingomyclin due to lack of sphingomyelinase.
Niemann-Pick disease
Deficiency of alkaline phosphatase, excretion of phosphoenthanolamine in urine, premature loss of deciduous teeth.
Hypophosphatasia
Acute adrenal cortical insufficiency.
Waterhouse Friderichsen syndrome
Bronzing of the skin, pigmentation of oral mucosa, chronic adrenal cortical insufficiency.
Addison’s disease
Pink hued crown, odontoclasts on the inner pulpal surface of dentin.
Internal resorption
Radiolucency situated below the mandibular canal.
Static or Stafne’s cyst
Scalloped radlolucency extended between roots of teeth above the mandibular canal.
Pseudocyst
Traumatic bone cyst
Brandy wine type, shell teeth,
Type III dentinogenesis imperfecta
Lava flowing around boulders (histologic appearance)
Type I (radicular) dentin dysplasia
Thlstle tube pulp chamber.
Type II (coronal) dentin dyxplasia
Ghost teeth.
Regional odontodysplasia
Disease occurring due to malabsorption of zinc.
Acrodermatitis enteropathica
Cobblestone or fissured appearance clinically, caused by HPV 13 AND 32, Club shaped wide rete rldges, presence of viral altered mitosoid cell histologically
Focal epithelial hyperplasia (heck’s disease)
Benign inflammatory condition of the submandibular gland that mimics a malignant neoplasm clinically because of presentation as a hard mass
Kuttner tumor or Chronic sclerosing sialadenitis of submandibular gland
Traumatic ulceration of mucosa due to missing teeth malposed teeth, partial denture and Riga Fede disease followed by proliferation of granulation tissue adjacent to the area of ulceration
TUGSE or Traumantic granuloma with stromal eosinophilia
Leaf like denture fibroma that occurs beneath a maxillary denture, mucopolysaccharide keratin dystrophy or plasma pooling histologic feature
EPULIS FISSURATUM or enture epulis or inflammatory fibrous hyperplasia
Camblum layer is seen in
Alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma
Congenital epulis in newborns located on maxillary or mandibular gingiva:
Neuman’s tumor
The lips characteristically develops looseness and protrusion that have been described as tapir lps-
Myopathic facies
Patients are unable to whistle or smile
Mild restricted muscular dystrophy.
Triton tumor is other name for
Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor (MPNST)
Dentinogenic ghost cell tumor is other name for
Calcifying odontogenic cyst
. A periapical granuloma without cystic transformation
Bay cyst
An inflammatory cyst found primarily on the distal or facial aspect of a vital mandibular 3rd molar
Paradental cyst
The antigen that can be detectable during the window period and the late phase of infections when the virus replicating fast
P24 antigen
The disease in which the causative organisms contains a clear halo and is described as “tissue microcyst”
Cryptococcosis
