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Anatomy -Sarah > Some abdominal stuff > Flashcards

Some abdominal stuff Flashcards

1
Q

Intraperitoneal organs

A

stomach, (first part of) duodenum, jejenum, ileum, transverse colon, sigmoid colon, liver, spleen

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2
Q

retroperitoneal organs

A

kidneys, ureters, suprarenal glands, rectum

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3
Q

Secondarily retroperitoneal

A

Duodenum (2nd-4th parts), pancreas, ascending colon, descending colon

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4
Q

What structures are inside the hepatoduodenal ligament?

A

Hepatic portal vein, bile duct, hepatic artery

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5
Q

What are the borders of the omental foramen?

A

Anterior - hepatic portal vein, hepatic artery, bile duct (contained in hepatoduodenal ligament)
Posterior - Inferior vena cava and right crus of the diaphragm covered with parietal periotneum
Superior - caudate lobe of the liver covered with visceral peritoneum
Inferior - first part of the duodenum covered with visceral peritoneum

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6
Q

“Ligaments” attached to stomach

A

gastrophrenic, gastrosplenic, gastrocolic (majority of greater omentum)
gastrohepatic, hepatoduodenal(I mean technically duodenum and not stomach)(lesser omentum)

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7
Q

Supracolic compartment

A

stomach, liver, spleen

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8
Q

infracolic compartment

A

small intestine, ascending and descending colon

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9
Q

Lymph drainage of the stomach

A

Lymph from the superior two thirds of the stomach drains along the right and left gastric vessels to the gastric lymph nodes; lymp from the fundus and superior part of the body of the stomach also drains along the short gastric arteries and left gastro-omental vessels to the pancreaticosplenic lymph nodes. Lymph from the right two thirds of the inferior third of the stomach drains along the right gastro-omental vessels to the pyloric lymph nodes. Lymph from the left one third of the greater curvature drains to the pancreaticoduodenal lymph nodes

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10
Q

Sympathetic nerve supply of the stomach

A

T6-T9 segments of the spinal cord to celiac plexus through the greater splanchnic nerve

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11
Q

Origin, course and distribution of

celiac trunk

A

O: abdominal aorta (at level of aortic hiatus)
C: after short antero-inferior course, bifurcates into splenic and common hepatic arteries
D: Esophagus, stomach, proximal duodenum, liver/biliary apparatus, pancreas

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12
Q

Origin, course and distribution of:

Left gastric artery

A

O: Celiac trunk
C: Ascends retroperitoneally to esophageal hiatus, giving rise to an esophageal branch; then descending along lesser curvature to anastamose with right gastric artery
D: Distal (mostly abdominal) part of esophagus and lesser curvature of stomach

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13
Q

Origin, course and distribution of:

Splenic artery

A

O: Celiac trunk
C: Runs retroperitoneally along superior border of pancreas; traverses splenorenal ligament to hilum of spleen
D: Body of pancreas, spleen, and greater curvature and posterior stomach body

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14
Q

Origin, course and distribution of:

Posterior gastric artery

A

O: Splenic artery posterior to stomach
C: Ascends retroperitoneally along posterior wall of lesser omental bursa to enter gastrophrenic ligament
D: posterior wall and fundus of stomach

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15
Q

Arteries of stomach

A

Celiac trunk, left gastric artery, common hepatic artery, splenic artery, left and right gastro-omental arteries, right gastric artery. It’s better to just draw this. Pg. 236 of Moore’s.

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16
Q

Origin, course and distribution of:

Left gastro-omental artery

A

O: Splenic artery in hilum of spleen
C: Passes between layers of gastrosplenic ligament to stomach, then along greater curvature in greater omentum to anastomose with right gastro-omental artery
D: Left portion of greater curvature of stomach

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17
Q

Origin, course and distribution of:

Short gastric artery

A

O: Splenic artery in hilum of spleen
C: Passes between layers of gastrosplenic ligament to fundus of stomach
D: fundus of stomach

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18
Q 
Origin, course and distribution of:
Hepatic artery (common hepatic artery, hepatic artery proper)
A

O: Celiac trunk
C: Passes retroperitoneally to reach hepatoduodenal ligament; passing between layers to porta hepatis; bifurcates into right and left hepatic arteries
D: Liver, gallbladder and biliary ducts, stomach, duodenum, pancreas, and respective lobes of liver

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19
Q

What arteries branch off of the celiac artery?

A

The Common Heptaic artery, the splenic artery, and the left gastric artery

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20
Q

Origin, course and distribution of:

Cystic artery

A

O: Right hepatic artery
C: Arises within hepatoduodenal ligament (in cystohepatic triangle of Calot)
D: Gallbladder and cystic duct

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21
Q

Origin, course and distribution of:

Right Gastric artery

A

O: Hepatic artery (proper)
C: Runs along lesser curvature of stomach to anastomose with left gastric artery
D: Right portion of lesser curvature of stomach

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22
Q

Origin, course and distribution of:

Gastroduodenal

A

O: Hepatic artery
C: Descends retroperitoneally, posterior to gastroduodenal junction
D: Stomach, pancreas, first part of duodenum, and distal part of bile duct

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23
Q

Origin, course and distribution of:

Right gastro-omental (Right gastroepiploic)

A

O: Gastroduodenal artery
C: Passes between layers of greater omentum along curvature of stomach to anastomose with left gastro-omental artery
D: Right portion of greater curvature of stomach

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24
Q

Origin, course and distribution of:

Superior pancreaticoduodenal

A

O: Gastroduodenal artery
C: Divides into anterior and posterior arteries that descend on each side of pancreatic head, anastomosing with similar branches of inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery
D: Proximal potion of duodenum and superior part of head of pancreas

25
Q

Origin, course and distribution of:

Inferior pancreaticoduodenal

A

O: Superior mesenteric artery
C: Divides into anterior and posterior arteries that ascend on each side of pancreatic head, anastomosing with similar branches of superior pancreaticoduodenal artery
D: Distal portion of duodenum and head of pancreas

26
Q

Fissures of liver

Not high yield

A

Right sagittal fissure (right and caudate lobes and medial right lobe from lateral right lobe)(Inverior vena cava and gallbladder and portal triad in this fissure), umbilical fissue (left sagittal fissure) (Left and caudate lobes)(ligamentum venosum or ductus venosus in this fissure as well as round ligament/umbilical vein), Porta hepatis (caudate and medial right lobe)(portal triad: portal vein, hepatic artery, and bile passages in this fissure)

27
Q

Lymph drainage of liver

Not the best card

A

Most lymph is formed in the perisinusoidal spaces and drains to the deep lymphatics in the surrounding intralobular portal triads.
hepatic lymph nodes, celiac lymph nodes to cisterna chyli (dilated sac at the inferior end of the thoracic duct), phrenic lymph nodes, posterior mediastinal lymph nodes.
Some to left gastric lymph nodes. Some to parasternal lymph nodes

28
Q

What is the spinal level of the celiac trunk?

A

T12

29
Q

Origin, course and distribution of:

Thoraco-abdominal nerves

A

O: Continuation of lower (7th-11th) intercostal nerves distal to costal margin
C: Run between second and third layers of abdominal muscles; branches enter subcutaneous tissue as lateral cutaneous branches of T10-T11 (in anterior axillary line) and anterior cutaneous branches of T7-T11 (parasternal line).
D: Muscles of anterolateral abdominal wall and overlying skin

30
Q

Origin, course and distribution of:

7th-9th lateral cutaneous branches

A

O: 7th-9th intercostal nerves (anterior rami of spinal nerves T7-T9)
C: Anterior divisions continue across costal margin in subcutaneous tissue
D: Skin of right and left hypochondriac regions

31
Q

Origin, course and distribution of:

Subcostal (anterior ramus of T12)

A

O: Spinal nerve T12
C: Runs along inferior border of 12th rib; then passes onto subumbilical abdominal wall between second and third layers of abdominal muscles
D: Muscles of anterolateral abdominal wall (including most inferior slip of external oblique) and overlying skin, superior to iliac crest and inferior to umbilicus

32
Q

Origin, course and distribution of:

Iliohypogastric nerve

A

O: As superior terminal branch of anterior ramus of spinal nerve L1
C: Pierces transversus abdominus muscle to course between second and third layers of abdominal muscles; branches pierce external oblique aponeuroses of most inferior abdominal wall
D: Skin overlying iliac crest, upper inguinal, and hypogastric regions; internal oblique and transversus abdominis muscles

33
Q

Lesser splanchnic nerve spinal roots

A

T10, T11

34
Q

Greater Splanchnic nerve spinal roots

A

T5-T9

35
Q

Least splanchnic nerve

A

Some T11, T12

36
Q

Lumbar splanchnic nerves

A

L1, L2

37
Q

Origin, course and distribution of:

Ilio-inguinal nerve

A

O: As inferior terminal branch of anterior ramus of spinal nerve L1
C: Passes between second and third layers of abdominal muscles; then traverses inguinal canal
D: Skin of lower inguinal region, mons pubis, anterior scrotum or labium majus, and adjacent medial thigh; interiormost internal oblique and transversus abdominus

38
Q

Nerves from the celiac plexus with celiac ganglia and what they innervate

A

Hepatic plexus -> liver, gallbladder
Gastric plexus -> Stomach
Splenic plexus -> Spleen
Pancreatic plexus -> Pancreas, duodenum

39
Q

Nerves from the superior mesenteric plexus innervate:

A

(with superior mesenteric ganglion)

Pancreas (head only), duodenum, jejenum, ileum, cecum, colon to left colic flexure, ovary

40
Q

Suprarenal and renal plexus innervates:

A

(With aorticorenal ganglion)

Uteral plexus —> Suprarenal gland, kidney, proximal ureter

41
Q

Ovarian/testicular plexus innervates:

A

Ovary testis

42
Q

Inferior mesenteric plexus innervates:

A

Superior rectal plexus –> left colic flexure, descending and sigmoidal colon, upper rectum

43
Q

Superior mesenteric artery spinal level

A

L1

44
Q

Inferior mesenteric artery level (Skip this card)

A

?

45
Q

Superior hypogastric plexus innervates:

A

branches to ureter and genital organs -> ureter, epididymis, testis, ovary

46
Q

Cisterna chyli forms from:

A

intestinal lymph tract and two lumbar trunks

47
Q

Esophageal hiatus vertebral level

A

T10

48
Q

Folds inside the stomach are called:

A

Rugae

49
Q

Fundus of stomach intercostal space:

A

ICS 5

50
Q

Right lobe/dome of liver reaches ICS ___

A

4

51
Q

Esophagus enters stomach at about rib ___

A

6

52
Q

Gallbladder blood supply

A

Cystic artery

Important for removal of gallbladder, bad to nick

53
Q

Inferior hypogastric plexus innervates:

A

(with pelvic ganglia)
Middle and inferior rectal plexus –> Middle and lower rectum
Prostatic plexus —> Prostate, seminal vesicle, bulbuourethral gland, ejaculatory duct, penis, urethra
Deferential plexus -> Vas deferens, epididymis
Uterovaginal plexus -> Uterus, fallopian tube, vagina, ovary
Vesical plexus –> Bladder
Uretral plexus –> Ureter, ascending from pelvis

54
Q

How to find the T10 dermatome

A

umbilicus

55
Q

Referred pain for gallstones

A

T6-T9 dermatome

56
Q

Triangle of Calot

A

Cystic artery
(Hepatic portal vein, hepatic artery proper, bile duct)

Edge of liver is top of triangle, bile ducts form triangle

57
Q

Location of spleen (ribs)

A

Ribs 9, 10, 11

58
Q

Be able to identify the prepyloric vein

A

It ascends over the pylorus to the right gastric vein and is obvious in living persons

59
Q

Difference between ileum and jejenun

A

Ileum has more and shorter vasa recta and more arterial arcades (longer distance of arterial arcades. The jejenun has longer vasa recta and shorter arterial arcades (also less).

Anatomy -Sarah (12 decks)

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