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Anatomy -Sarah > Blue boxes perineum > Flashcards

Blue boxes perineum Flashcards

1
Q

Length of true conjugate desirable for a woman to give birth in a vaginal delivery

A

11.0 cm

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2
Q

true conjugate

A

diameter of the lesser pelvis, from the middle of the sacral promontory to the posterosuperior margin (closest point) of the pubic symphysis

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3
Q

Narrowest part of the pelvic canal

A

interspinous distance - between the ischial spines

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4
Q

Spondylolysis

A

separation of vertebral arch and body

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5
Q

Spondylolisthesis

A

sliding of the body of the vertebrae anteriorly

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6
Q

Muscles torn most often in childbirth

A

pubococcygeus and puborectalis

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7
Q

Concern during hysterectomy

A

ureter injury

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8
Q

The point at which the ___ and ___ cross lies approximately 2 cm superior to the ischial spine

A

uterine artery and ureter

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9
Q

excision of uterus

A

hysterectromy

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10
Q

excision of ovary

A

ovariectomy

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11
Q

The ___ and ___ are close to each other as the cross the pelvic brim, which is important to know when performing an ovariectomy

A

ureter and ovarian vessels

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12
Q

Collateral pathways to the internal iliac artery:

A

lumbar and iliolumbar; median sacral and lateral sacral; superior rectal and middle rectal; inferior gluteral and profunda femoris artery

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13
Q

direction of blood supply to ureters (abdominal segment vs pelvic segment)

A

blood supply to the abdominal segment of the ureter approaches from a medial direction. That of the pelvic segment approaches from a lateral direction

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14
Q

Type of pain caused by ureteric calculus

A

colicky pain resulting from hyperperistalsis in the ureter, loin to groin

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15
Q

Locations where ureters are normally constricted

A

1) At the junction of the ureters and renal pelves, 2) Where they cross the external iliac artery and pelvic brim, and 3) during their passage through the wall of the urinary bladder

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16
Q

Lithotripsy

A

uses shock waves to break up a stone into small fragments (removal of ureteric calculi)

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17
Q

fascial support of the vagina

A

paracolpium

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18
Q

The superior surface of the empty bladder lies at the level of the _______.

A

superior margin of the pubic symphysis

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19
Q

surgical puncture of distended bladder

A

suprapubic cystotomy

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20
Q

suprapubic cystotomy

A

puncture of the distended bladder

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21
Q

deferentectomy

A

vasectomy, common method of sterilizing males

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22
Q

method of sterilization of a male

A

vasectomy or deferentectomy

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23
Q

gonococci

A

organisms that cause gonorrhea

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24
Q

BHP

A

benign hypertrophy of the prostate, common after middle age

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25
Q

nocturia

A

need to urinate during the night

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26
Q

dysuria

A

difficulty and/or pain during urination

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27
Q

urgency

A

sudden need for urination

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28
Q

What is removed in a radical prostatectomy?

A

The seminal glands, the ejaculatory ducts, and terminal parts of the deferent ducts

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29
Q

What is salpingitis?

A

inflammation of the uterine tube

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30
Q

Inflammation of a uterine tube

A

salpingitis

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31
Q

Laparoscopic tubal ligation

A

fiber optic laparoscope inserted through small incision (near umbilicus) and tubal continuity is interrupted by applying cautery, rings, or clips

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32
Q

pyosalpinx

A

collections of pus that may develop in a uterine tube

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33
Q

A ruptured tubal pregnancy may be misdiagnosed as ___.

A

Acute appendicitis

34
Q

epoophoron

A

forms from remnants of the mesonephric tubules of the mesonephros

35
Q

mesonephros

A

embryonic kidney

36
Q

duct of the epoophoron

A

(aka duct of Gartner), a remnant of the mesonephric duct that forms the ductus deferens and ejaculatory duct in the male; lies between layers of the broad ligament along each side of the uterus and/or vagina

37
Q

vesicular appendage

A

sometimes attached to the infundibulum of the uterine tube, remains of the cranial end of the mesonephric duct that forms the ductus epididymis

38
Q

Gartner duct cysts

A

When fluid accumulates in vestigal structures (epoophoron, vesicular appendage, duct of gartner) and forms a cyst

39
Q

uterus didelphys

A

completely doubled uterus

40
Q

bicornate uterus

A

incomplete fusion of the embryonic paramesonephric ducts results in a duplication

41
Q

unicornate uterus

A

incomplete fusion of the embryonic paramesonephric ducts results in the uterus receiving a uterine duct only from the right or left

42
Q

Normal position of uterus

A

anteverted and anteflexed

43
Q

A retroverted uterus is at risk of ___.

A

Prolapse (uterus pushed into or even through the vagina)

Risk increases in the presence of a disrupted perineal body or atrophic pelvic floor ligaments and muscles

44
Q

Hegar sign

A

softening of the uterine isthmus; the cervix feels as though it were separated from the body (early sign of pregnancy)

45
Q

Adult proportion of uterine body to cervix (nulliparous)

A

2:1

46
Q

Postmenopausal proportion of uterine body to cervix

A

1:1

47
Q

Nulliparous

A

Never given birth

48
Q

Pap is short for

A

papanicolaou

49
Q

hysterectomy

A

excision of the uterus

50
Q

excision of the uterus

A

hysterectomy

51
Q

vesicovaginal fistula

A

abnormal passage between vaginal lumen and lumina of the adjacent bladder

52
Q

endometriosis

A

presence of functioning endometrial tissue outside the uterus

53
Q

Regional anesthesia reduces innervation from ___.

A

a spinal, pudendal nerve, or caudal epidural block

54
Q

Spinal anesthesia

A

the anesthetic agent is introduced with a needle into the spinal subarachnoid space at the L3-L4 vertebral level and it produces complete anesthesia inferior to approximately the waist level. The perineum, pelvic floor, and birth canal are anesthetized

55
Q

Pudendal nerve block

A

local anesthesia over the S2-S4 dermatomes (the majority of the perineum)

56
Q

Caudal epidural block

A

must be administered in advance,
Anesthetic agen is administered using an in-dwelling catheter in the sacral canal
bathes the S2-S4 spinal nerve roots (including pain fibers from the uterine cervix and superior vagina and the afferent fibers form the pudendal nerve)
Aware of uterine contractions because pain fibers form the uterine body (superior to the pelvic pain line) ascend to the inferior thoracic-superior lumbar levels

57
Q

Episiotomy

A

Surgical incision of the perineum and inferoposterior vaginal wall

58
Q

median episiotomy

A

the perineal body is the major structure incised during a median episiotomy

59
Q

incision of the perineum

A

episiotomy

60
Q

External hemorrhoids

A

thromboses in the veins of the external rectal venous plexus covered by skin

61
Q

Internal hemorrhoids

A

prolapses of rectal mucosa containing the normally dilated veins of the internal rectal venous plexus

62
Q

inflammation of the testis

A

orchitis

63
Q

orchitis

A

inflammation of the testis

64
Q

elephantiasis

A

chronic lymphatic obstruction occurs, parasitic disease, results in enlarged scrotum. (Probably more to this disease)

65
Q

glanular hypospadias

A

the external urethral orifice is on the ventral aspect of the glans penis

66
Q

When the external urethral orifice is on the ventral aspect of the glans penis

A

glanular hypospadias

67
Q

Embryological basis of penile and penoscrotal hypospadias

A

failure of the urogenital folds to fuse on the ventral surface of the penis

68
Q

phimosis

A

the prepuce fits tightly over the glans and cannot be retracted easily, if at all

69
Q

smegma

A

the oily secretions of cheesy consistency from the modified sebaceous glands in the prepuce

70
Q

paraphimosis

A

retraction of the prepuce over the glans penis constricts the neck of the glans so much that there is interference with the drainage of blood and tissue fluid. The glans may enlarge so much that the prepuce cannot be drawn over it and circumcision is commonly performed in such cases.

71
Q

circumcision

A

surgical excision of the prepuce

72
Q

inability to obtain an erection

A

impotence

73
Q

vulvar hematoma

A

localized collection of blood (in the labia majora)

74
Q

Bartholinitis

A

inflammation of the greater vestibular (bartholin) glands

75
Q

Occlusion of the vestibular gland duct without infection can result in the accumulation of ____, called a ____.

A

mucin,

Batholin gland cyst

76
Q

Kegel exercises strengthen these muscles

A

perineal muscles

77
Q

Vaginismus

A

an emotional (psychosomatic) gynecological disorder encountered clinically when pelvic examination is attempted; involuntary spasms of the perivaginal and levator ani muscles

78
Q

an emotional (psychosomatic) gynecological disorder encountered clinically when pelvic examination is attempted

A

vaginismus

79
Q

dyspareunia

A

painful intercourse

80
Q

painful intercourse

A

dyspareunia

Anatomy -Sarah (12 decks)

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