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Neuroscience > Somatosensory (touch & pain) > Flashcards

Somatosensory (touch & pain) Flashcards

1
Q

Which ion channels on bare nerve endings sense cold and what is the temperature range?

A

TRPM8

10-38C

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2
Q

Which thermoreceptor ion channels sense warmth and what is the temperature range?

A

TRPV3/4

29-45C

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3
Q

Which type of nerve fibres are cold thermoreceptors on

A

C & Adelta fibres

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4
Q

Which type of nerve fibres are warm thermoreceptors on

A

C fibres

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5
Q

Are themroreceptors slow or fast adapting

A

slow-adapting

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6
Q

Where do we get our sense of body temperature

A

Brain decides what your temperature is like through COMPARISON of firing of cold and warm receptors

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7
Q

Mechanoreceptors have which type of afferent nerve fibre?

A

AB fibres

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8
Q

A dermatome is

A

An area of skin innervated by afferent axon fibres all from a single spinal nerve root

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9
Q

A receptive field is

A

The specific area a single nerve axon innervates within it’s dermatome

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10
Q

The only slow-adapting mechanoreceptor

A

Merkels discs

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11
Q

Meissner’s corpuscle detect

A

Light touch - vibration (eg feel putting on clothes but not wearing them) Fast adapting (constantly changing stimulus)

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12
Q

Ruffini’s corpusle sense

A

Stretch of skin & deep touch

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13
Q

Which mechanoreceptor is a collagen network which can be pulled apart by a stretching stimulus?

A

Ruffini’s corpuscle

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14
Q

Location of Merkels discs

A

Epidermis - high density on epidermal ridge & around mouth

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15
Q

Merkel’s discs sense

A

Sustained light touch - perception of form & texture

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16
Q

Pacinian corpuscle sense

A

deep touch & high frequency vibrations - perceived as vibrations

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17
Q

Mechanoreceptor deepest of the 3 in the dermis

A

Pacinian corpuscle

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18
Q

How an action potential is generated by mechanoreceptors

A

Cation channels open
Cation influx into cell
Receptor potential generated
If threshold reach then AP generated & propogated along axon

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19
Q

The AP firing rate depends on

A

The magnitude of depolarisation

Stronger stimulus - more channels open - bigger ion influx - bigger magnitude of depolarisation

20
Q

Which receptors have the highest threshold

A

nociceptors

21
Q

Polymodal nociceptor afferent axon fibre

A

C fibre

22
Q

Polymodal nociceptor ion channel

A

TRPV1

23
Q

2 types of nociceptors and the type of pain perceived

A

High threshold mechanoreceptors (Adelta fibre) - well localised prickling pain
Polymodal nociceptors - poorly localised burning pain

24
Q

Unmyelinated afferent axon fibres

A

C fibres

25
Q

Muscle spindle fibres function

A

inform CNS about changes in muscle length and acceleration (proprioception)

26
Q

Golgi tendon organ function

A

inform CNS about tension in a muscle generated by contraction

27
Q

Where are muscle spindle fibres found

A

all but a few striated skeletal muscle

28
Q

Where are golgi tendon organs found

A

in tendons

29
Q

Arrangement of muscle spindle fibres

A

intrafusal muscle fibres with a group 1a afferent fibre coiled around
intrafusal fibres surrounded by connective tissue capsule
In parallel to force-generating extrafusal fibres

30
Q

Arrangement of golgi tendon organs in tendons

A

Group 1b afferents distributed amongst collagen fibresof tendons, in series with muscle

31
Q

Requirement of a noxious stimuli

A

Must be capable of causing tissue damage

32
Q

Fast transmission of pain is by which fibres & why

A

High threshold mechanoreceptors with Adelta fibres

Myelinated - faster AP propogation

33
Q

Slow transmission of pain is by which fibres & why

A

Polymodal nociceptors with C fibres

C fibres are unmyelinated - slower AP propogation

34
Q

Fast pain transmission causes what type of pain

A

sharp

35
Q

Slow pain transmission causes what type of pain

A

dull burning

36
Q

Primary hyperalgesia

A

increased pain sensitivity in the damaged tissue due to peripheral sensitisation

37
Q

Secondary hyperalgesia

A

increased pain sensitivity distant from the site of injury caused by central sensitisation in the spinal cord

38
Q

Allodynia

A

Stimulus wasn’t painful before but now is (lowered threshold for pain)

39
Q

Definition of pain

A

Unpleasant sensory & emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage

40
Q

Where does the dorsal column - medial lemniscus second order neuron decussate?

A

dorsal column nuclei at the junction of the spinal cord and medulla

41
Q

Two point discrimination

A

The small distance between 2 points on the skin you can recognise as 2 distinct points (defines receptive field size

42
Q

Where does the second order neuron in the dorsal column - medial lemniscus synapse?

A

VP nucleus of the thalamus

43
Q

What information does the dorsal column - medial lemniscus pathway carry?

A

touch, vibration, two-point discrimination, proprioception

44
Q

Where does the second order neuron decussate in the (lateral) spinothalamic tract

A

immediately decussates and travels up ventral surface of spinal cord

45
Q

Where does the second order neuron synapse onto the third in the (lateral) spinothalamic tract

A

thalamus

46
Q

The name of the tract afferent C fibers ascend/descend before synapsing & decussating in the spinothalamic tract

A

Lissauer’s tract

Neuroscience (12 decks)

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