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Neurophysiology > Somatosensory system & Special Senses > Flashcards

Somatosensory system & Special Senses Flashcards

1
Q

Cell bodies location

A

Cell bodies are located in two regions:

  • adjacent to the spinal cord dorsal root ganglia, DRG
  • base of skull -trigeminal, TG (CNV)
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2
Q

Wilder Penfield

A

Cortical Homunculus

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3
Q

Mechanorepectors Channel type

A

Involves Transient Receptor Potential (TRP) channels

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4
Q

Proprioceptors axon types

A

A alpha fibers (myelianted)

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5
Q

Hapsis axon type

A

A beta fibers (myelianted)

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6
Q

itch/tickle axon type

A

C fibers (unmyelianted)

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7
Q

thermoreceptors axon type

A

C fibers (unmyelinated) & A delta fibers (myelinated)

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8
Q

nociceptors axon type

A

Fast- A delta (myelinated)

Slow - C fibers (unmyelinated)

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9
Q

Referred Pain (Dermatomes)

A

Heart localized to the neck, left shoulder & arm

Stomach localized above umbilicus

Colon localized below umbilicus

ex: shingles -> tiny bumps form on skin when nerves are damaged

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10
Q

Cranial Headache (Meningitis)

A

inflammation of meninges

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11
Q

Cranial Headache (migraine)

A

vasospasm then vasodilation

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12
Q

Cranial Headache (hangover)

A

irritation of meninges by alcohol biproducts

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13
Q

Extracranial Headache (Tension)

A

emotional tension of muscles of neck/scalp

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14
Q

Extracranial Headache (Sinus Headache)

A

irritation of nasal structures

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15
Q

Extracranial Headache (eye strain)

A

excessive contraction of ciliary muscles (for focusing) or of facial muscles

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16
Q

Somesthesia

A

“Somesthesia is the perception of bodily sensations that include the skin, muscles, joints, and tendons. Such sensations would encompass the perception of pain, temperature, light touch, deep touch, vibration, proprioception (recognition of the relative position of a body part), and kinesthesia (awareness of movement of a limb or joint

17
Q

Sensory systems, unlike somatosensory systems do not involve

A
  • dorsal root ganglions or trigeminal ganglions instead they are located in the cranial sensory ganglia
  • somatosensory conveys information in series but sensory conveys in a nerve bundle
18
Q

Dysgeusia

A

reduced sense of taste

causes: : Diabetes Mellitus, hypothyroidism, some meds, throat or tongue infections, chronic smoking, viral load

19
Q

ageusia

A

complete loss of taste

20
Q

Hyposmia

A

reduced sense of smell

Underlying causes: head trauma, Parkinson’s, Alzheimer’s, some meds, chronic smoking, viral load

21
Q

Anosmia

A

temporary loss of smell

22
Q

Deuteranomaly

A

(green shifted towards red)

23
Q

Deuteranopia

A

(absence of green cones)

24
Q

Protanomaly

A

(red shifted towards green)

25
Q

Protananopia

A

(absence of red cones)

26
Q

tritanomaly

A

reduced sensitivity to blue light

27
Q

tritanopia

A

absence of blue cones

28
Q

illusion

A
  • An illusion occurs when physical stimulus and visual perception do not correspond
  • Complex perceptual phenomena
  • Link between sensory stimulus and cognitive processing poorly understood
  • How the brain perceives the same visual image in different ways is also not known
29
Q

Synesthesia

A

Stimulation of one sensory pathway results in automatic stimulation of different sensory pathway

30
Q

Auditory Cortex and Association Areas

A
  • Arranged by tonotopic maps
  • High frequency sounds at one end of map; low frequency sounds at other end of the map
  • Discrimination of sound patterns is lost when auditory cortex destroyed
31
Q

cataracts

A
  • Impairments in Vision

- Clouding of lens

32
Q

glaucoma

A

Damage to optic nerve

Impairments in Vision

33
Q

age-related macula degeneration

A

Damage to retina

Impairments in Vision

34
Q

scotoma or blind spot

A

lesion of retina

Impairments in Vision

35
Q

Diabetic retinopathy

A

damage to retinal vessels

impairment in vision

36
Q

Myopia/Hyperopia

A

Changing shape of eye (decreased visual acuity)

impairment in vision

37
Q

Nerve deafness

A

impairment of the cochlea or the auditory nerve

38
Q

Conduction deafness

A

impairment of tympanic membrane or ossicles

39
Q

-Congenital deafness

A

occurs from birth whereas adventitious deafness occurs after birth (usually noise related)

Neurophysiology (5 decks)

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