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Neuroanatomy > Somatosensory pathways and receptors (Dr. Duas) > Flashcards

Somatosensory pathways and receptors (Dr. Duas) Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two types of cutaneous receptors for conscious proprioception

A

rapidly adapting and the slowly adapting receptors

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2
Q

function of rapidly adapting receptors

A

respond to application and removal of the stimulus but NOT during maintained stimulation

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3
Q

function of slowly adapting receptors

A

active as long as the stimulus is present

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4
Q

merkels disk senses

A

pressure

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5
Q

paccinian corpuscle senses

A

vibration

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6
Q

meissner’s corpuscle senses

A

tactile impulse

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7
Q

ruffini’s endings sense

A

pressure

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8
Q

pathway for conscious proprioception from the limbs and the trunk ?

A

PCMLS pathway

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9
Q

Pathway for PCMLS pathway

A

Primary afferent
fasiculus cuneatus/fasciculus gracilis–>fasiculus cuneate nuclei within the medulla–>medial lemniscus–>VPL of thalamus

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10
Q

fasciculus gracillis

A

sacral, lumbar and lower thoracic levels

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11
Q

fasciculus cuneatus

A

upper thoracic and cervical levels

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12
Q

in the alternative PCMLS pathway where do the synapses occur

A

lamina II and IV, as well as the typical cuneatus nuclei and gracillis nuclei

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13
Q

what provides conscious proprioception from the head

A

anterior and posterior trigeminothalamic tracts

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14
Q

describe the posterior trigeminothalamic tract

A

synapses in principal nucleus and ascends via the PTTT (does NOT cross the midline) to VPM

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15
Q

describe the anterior tigeminothalamic tract

A

principal nucleus, crosses midline and ascends via ATT to VPM

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16
Q

where is the primary central cortex located ?

A

post central gyrus

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17
Q

if you have lesion in area 1 of the PSC what do you lose ?

A

loss of texture and discrimination

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18
Q

if you have a lesion in area 2 of the PSC what do you lose ?

A

loss of size and shape discrimination

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19
Q

what is asterogenesis

A

loss of size and shape

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20
Q

if you have a lesion in area 3b of the PSC what do you lose?

A

diminished texture discrimination and asterogenesis (loss of size and shape)

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21
Q

cutaneous receptors are found where in PSC

A

3b and 1

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22
Q

proprioceptive receptors are found where in PSC

A

3a and 2

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23
Q

where is the second somatosensory cortex found (SII)

A

inner face of the upper bank of the lateral sulcus

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24
Q

the secondary somatosensory cortex is supplied by

A

middle cerebral artery

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25
Q

lesion of the posterior spinal artery leads to injury to what

A

posterior columns (PCML pathway)

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26
Q

lesion of the anterior spinal artery would injury what

A

medial lemniscus (PCML pathway)

27
Q

lesion of the thalamogeniculate branches of the posterior cerebral artery would result in injury to

A

VPL and VPM

28
Q

injury to the anterior and middle cerebral arteries would injury the

A

primary sensory cortex

29
Q

lesion to the basilar and superior cerebellar arteries would result in injury to

A

basilar and superior cerebellar arteries

30
Q

what are the two pathways for nonconscious proprioception ?

A

spinocerebellar pathway

trigeminocerebellar pathway

31
Q

spinocerebellar pathway functions to

A

sensory information from the limbs and the trunk

32
Q

trigeminocerebellar pathway functions to

A

sensory information from the head

33
Q

nonconscious proprioception to lower limb

A

anterior spinocerebellar tract

posterior spinocerebellar tract

34
Q

nonconsciocus proprioception to the upper limb

A

rostral spinocerebellar tract

cuneocerebellar tract

35
Q

which two spinocerebellar pathways are mostly mechanoreceptors

A

anterior spinocerebellar

rostral spinocerebellar

36
Q

what is friedrich ataxia

A

congenital autosomal recessive disease-degeneration of the spinal cord pathways including spinocerebellar tracts leading to lack of coordination during walking and other movements

37
Q

where do the primary afferent fibers synapse in the spinocerebellar tract

A

posterior tract-dorsal nucleus of clark (lamina 7-T1-L2)

anterior tract- lamina 5, 8, spinal border cells of L3-L5

38
Q

which part of the tracts for lower limb of the spinocerebellar tracts are mostly cutaneous mechanoreceptors

A

anterior spinocerebellar tract

39
Q

which tract of the spinocerebellar tracts cross the midliine

A

anterior spinocerebellar tract (anterior commissure)

40
Q

the spinocerebellar tracts enter the _________before they ascend into the lateral cerebellar vermis

A

restiform body (the rostral spinocerebellar tract also enters the cerebellar peduncle)

41
Q

where does the rostral spinocerebellar tract synapse before ascending up the spinal cord

A

lamina VII (C4-C8)

42
Q

Describe the Pathway of the cuneocerebellar tract ?

A

primary afferent fibers ascned via the cuneocerebellar tract and synapse in the lateral cuneate nucleus enter the restiform body and enter the medial cerebellar vermis (does not cross midline)

43
Q

describe the pathway of the rostral spinocerebellar tract ?

A

primary afferent fibers synapse in lamina VII to anterior spinocerebellar tract through restiform body and cerebellar peduncle to the LATERAL cerebellar vermis (does NOT cross the midline)

44
Q

what are the main pathways of protopathic sensibility

A

anterolateral system (spinothalamic and spinoreticular tract
spinocerbicothalamic tract
anterior trigeminothalamic tract

45
Q

A-delta mechanical nociceptors

A

thinly myelinated fibers

46
Q

C-polmodal nociceptors

A

nonmyelinated fibers

47
Q

describe the spinothalamic tract

A

primary afferent fibers
synapse in lamina 1,5, and 2
cross at each segment at the anterior commissure
ascend via ALS
axon collaterals to the reticular formation
VPL of the thalamus

48
Q

types of fibers in lamina 1 and 5

A

a delta fibers

49
Q

types of fibers in lamina 2

A

c fibes

50
Q

describe the spinoreticular tract

A

parimary afferent fibers in lamina II and III, interneurons 5, 8, cross at anterior commisure and ascend via anterolateral : spinoreticluar fibers and VPL of thalamus

51
Q

where does the spinocervicothalamic tract synapse

A

limain III, IV, acsends and then lateral cervical nucleus and then crosses midline

52
Q

protopathic for the head

A

ATT tract, synapses in spinal trigeminal nucleus and acsends via ATT and enters VPM

53
Q

what is wallenberg syndrome

A

lesion of the posterior inferior cerebellar artery resulting in CONTRALATERAL loss of pain, temperature and crude touch over the body and ipsilateral loss over the face

54
Q

rupture of arterila vasocorona between the ant. and post. spinal arteries would injur

A

spinal als

55
Q

posterior inferior cerebellar artery would injure

A

medullary ALS and spinal trigeminal nucleus

56
Q

injury to the thalamogeniculate branches of the posterior cerebral artery would injur

A

VPL and VPM

57
Q

injury to the anterior and middle cerebral arteries would injur

A

primary sensory cortex

58
Q

syringomyleIA

A

cystic cavitation of the central regions of the spinal gray matter; destruction of the decussating ALS fibers in the anterior commisure

59
Q

where is pain perceived

A

at the subcortical levels

60
Q

what pathway seems necessary to localize pain

A

spinothalamic pathway

61
Q

what pathway is important for suffering component of the pain experience (some drugs like benzodiazepines can disrupt this component)

A

spinoreticular

62
Q

VPL injury causes what type of pain

A

transient release of pain

63
Q

VPM injury causes what type of pain

A

long lasting pain relief

64
Q

function of enkephalingergic neruons

A

they suppress the activity of pain fibers

Neuroanatomy (9 decks)

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