Somatic Dysfunction and Barriers

Question 1

somatic dysfunction

Answer 1

impaired or altered function of related components of the somatic (body framework) system and their related vascular, lymphatic, and neural elements.

Question 2

osteopathic manipulative treatment (OMT)

Answer 2

the therapeutic application of manually guided forces by an osteopathic physician to improve physiologic function and/or support homeostasis that has been altered by somatic dysfunction

Question 3

homeostasis

Answer 3

the level of well-being of an individual maintained by internal physiologic harmony that is the result of a relatively stable state or equilibrium among the interdependent body functions

Question 4

acute somatic dysfunction

Answer 4

vasodilation, edema, tenderness, pain, tissue contraction

Question 5

chronic somatic dysfunction

Answer 5

tenderness, itching, fibrosis, paresthesias, tissue contraction

Question 6

TART

Answer 6

tissue texture abnormalities
asymmetry of structure or motion
restriction of motion
tenderness

Question 7

tissue texture abnormality

Answer 7

a palpable change in tissues from skin to periarticular structures
types include bogginess, thickening, stringiness, ropiness, firmness (hardening), temperature change, moisture change

Question 8

bogginess

Answer 8

a tissue texture abnormality characterized principally by a palpable sense of sponginess in the tissue, interpreted as resulting from congestion due to increased fluid content

Question 9

hypertonicity

Answer 9

spastic paralysis

Question 10

hypotonicity

Answer 10

flacid paralysis

Question 11

contraction

Answer 11

normal tone of muscle when it shortens or is activated against resistance

Question 12

tone

Answer 12

normal feel of muscle in relaxed state

Question 13

contracture

Answer 13

abnormal shortening of a muscle due to fibrosis. most often in the tissue itself, often result of a chronic condition.

Question 14

spasm

Answer 14

abnormal contraction maintained beyond physiologic need. most often sudden and involuntary muscular contraction that results in abnormal motion and is usually accompanied by pain and restriction of normal function.

Question 15

ropiness

Answer 15

hard, firm, rope-like or cord-like muscle tone. usually indicates a chronic condition.

Question 16

asymmetry

Answer 16

absence of symmetry of position or motion determined by vision or palpation

Question 17

restriction of motion

Answer 17

a resistance or impediment to movement

Question 18

anatomic barrier

Answer 18

the limit of motion imposed by anatomic structure; the limit of passive motion

Question 19

physiologic barrier

Answer 19

the limit of active motion

Question 20

elastic barrier

Answer 20

the range between the physiologic and anatomic barrier of motion in which passive stretching occurs before tissue disruption

Question 21

restrictive barrier

Answer 21

a functional limit that abnormally diminishes the normal physiologic range

Question 22

early muscle spasm

Answer 22

protective spasm after injury. example: empty end feel or guarding

Question 23

late muscle spasm

Answer 23

chronic spasm, think chronic tissue changes

Question 24

hard capsular

Answer 24

frozen shoulder

Question 25

soft capsular

Answer 25

synovitis

Question 26

tenderness

Answer 26

discomfort or pain elicited by palpation

Question 27

pain

Answer 27

an unpleasant sensation induced by noxious stimuli and generally received by specialized nerve endings

Question 28

tenderpoints

Answer 28

small discrete hypersensitive areas within myofacial structures that result in localized pain

Question 29

trigger point

Answer 29

small discrete hypersensitive areas within myofascial structures that cause referred pain away from sight with palpation

Question 30

naming somatic dysfunction

Answer 30

for position of ease

Question 31

goal of OMT

Answer 31

to remove somatic dysfunction and restore homeostasis

Question 32

direct technique

Answer 32

method of using action engage the restrictive barrier directly

Question 33

indirect technique

Answer 33

method of using action involving positioning away from the restrictive barrier

Question 34

direct techniques

Answer 34

MFR, INR, ST, MET, HVLA, visceral

Question 35

indirect techniques

Answer 35

MFR, INR, BLT/LAS, FPR, functional, visceral

Question 36

combination techniques

Answer 36

MRF, Still, percussor, PINS