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OS1 Exam 1 > History of Osteopathy > Flashcards

History of Osteopathy Flashcards

1
Q

Joseph Lister, 1827-1912

A

father of antiseptic surgery

reduced surgical mortality from 45% to 15%

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2
Q

Ingaz Semmelweiss, 1818-1865

A

obstetrical clinic decreased mortality by 90% through handwashing

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3
Q

John Snow, 1813-1880

A

used epidemiology to trace source of cholera outbreak in london in 1854

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4
Q

William Budd, 1811-1880

A

used epidemiology to prove cholera came from contaminated water source in Bristol

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5
Q

germ theory

A

replaced Miasma theory

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6
Q

thucydides

A

460-400 BC - disease spread from person to person by “seeds”

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7
Q

Louis Pasteur

A

discredited spontaneous generation

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8
Q

Robert Koch

A

isolated anthrax

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9
Q

Nils Finsen, 1860-1904

A

used UV light in medicine

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10
Q

Wilhelm Rontgen

A

first to systematically study XR

used diagnostically in 1896

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11
Q

William Halstead

A

meticulous in surgery

first used sterile rubber gloves in surgery in 1890

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12
Q

When did local anesthetics become popular?

A

late 1800s

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13
Q

When and where was AT Still born?

A

August 6, 1828 in Lee County, Virginia

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14
Q

AT Still parents’ names? What did they do? When did they move and where?

A

Abram - Methodist Circuit Rider and Physician
Martha - uneducated, but wanted better for children
1830s to Missouri

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15
Q

How did AT Still learn medicine?

A

apprenticeship with little formal class time

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16
Q

What were some examples of medicine when AT Still started?

A

alcohol, morphine, mercury, bleeding

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17
Q

What did AT Still do in 1839?

A

made a rope swing to treat headaches

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18
Q

When did AT Still marry Mary Margaret Vaughn?

A

1849

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19
Q

What did AT Still do in 1850?

A

took over mission in Eudora, KS

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20
Q

What did AT Still do in 1855?

A

studied anatomy in Indian cadavers after a cholera epidemic (with tribal permission)

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21
Q

What did AT Still do in 1857?

A

elected to Kansas Legislature and was active in anti-slavery movement

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22
Q

When did Margaret die leaving AT Still with 3 children?

A

1859

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23
Q

What did AT Still do in 1860?

A

marry Mary Elvira Turner

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24
Q

What did AT Still do 1861-1864?

A

fought in Civil War (union) with the highest rank of Major

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25
What did AT Still do in 1864?
Battle of Westport
26
What happened in Still's personal life in 1864 causing him to return home and think about medicine?
3 of his children died from spinal meningitis and another died from pneumonia 1 month later
27
10 AM June 22, 1874
"AT Still flung the banner of osteopathy to the breeze"
28
When did AT Still present his new ideas to Baker University?
1874
29
When was AT Still "read out" of the Methodist church?
1874
30
When was the first recorded Osteopathic Treatment and where?
1874 in Macon, MO
31
What did AT Still do in 1875?
moved his family to Kirksville, MO and works as a traveling physician
32
What did AT Still do in 1885?
coins the term "osteopathy"
33
When did the American School of Osteopathy open? How many men and women in the class?
1892, 17 men and 5 women
34
What happened in 1900?
700 students with 18 faculty. largest school of healing arts in the country. 12 or more sister schools started by graduates.
35
What happened in 1897?
Autobiography of AT Still is published
36
What was published in 1899?
Philosophy of Osteopathy
37
What was published in 1910?
Research and Practice
38
When did Mary Elvira Still die?
1910
39
When did AT Still, MD, DO die?
1917
40
What are the four osteopathic principles?
1. the body is a unit; the person is a unit of body, mind, and spirit 2. the body is capable of self regulation, self healing, and health maintenance 3. structure and function are reciprocally interrelated 4. rational treatment is based on an understanding of the basic principles of body unity, self regulation, and the interrelationship of structure and function
41
What state first legally licensed DOs? When? Second state?
Vermont, 1896 | North Dakota
42
When did Missouri grand DOs licensure?
1897
43
When did the AAAO become the American Osteopathic Association?
1901
44
When was the American Association for Advancement of Osteopathy (AAAO) founded?
1897
45
Dr. Abraham Flexner, 1910
traveled to all medical schools in US with harsh criticism of MD and DO. Encouraged clinical rotations. Many schools closed or merged. 8 DO schools remained. State licensing boards began enforcing stricter requirements.
46
When did Osteopathy become a 4 year curriculum?
1915
47
What happened in 1916 with regards to DO schools?
AOA revoked ban on teaching pharmacology
48
When was Kansas City College of Osteopathy and Surgery established? by who?
1916 | AA Kaiser, DO and George Conley, DO
49
What happened 1917-1918?
Influenza pandemic 30 million died worldwide in 6 months 50-100 million died 1918-1920 500 million people infected
50
What happened in 1922?
AMA declared it unethical for MDs to associate with DOs and labeled them a cult
51
What school was formed in 1926?
Kirksville College of Osteopathy and Surgery by merging ASO and AT Still College of Osteopathy and Surgery
52
What happened in 1929?
AOA allows teaching of pharmacology under "comparative therapuetics"
53
When was the first inspection and approval of osteopathic hospitals for internships?
1936 - 18 hospitals with 81 programs
54
When was the low point in enrollment?
1945
55
When were osteopathic residencies approved?
1947
56
What was the Cline Committee?
In 1955 AMA inspected osteopathic colleges. medical education is comparable, but the facilities were inadequate. Recommends removal of "cult" label.
57
When did AMA policy change to allow and encourage DOs to enter AMA approved internships and residencies?
1964
58
What was the California incident?
In 1961 a California public referendum prohibited the granting of licenses to DOs in the state. DOs who agreed to change were able to obtain an MD degree by attending 12 saturday classes and paying $65. 85% of practicing DOs traded for MD degrees, but not recognized outside CA. Resumed DO licensing in 1974.
59
What was the last state to grant DO license?
Mississippi in 1973
60
When did KCCOS change the name to University of Health Sciences College of Osteopathic Medicine?
1980
61
How many osteopathic medical schools and locations are there today?
33, 48
62
When did congress legalize DOs to serve in civil service and armed forces?
1957
63
Harry J Walter
first commissioned DO into the armed forces
64
When was the Association of Military Osteopathic Physicians and Surgeons (AMOPS) formed?
1977
65
Rear Admiral Louis H Eske DO
first flag officer in the medical corps of military service
66
Lieutenant General Ronald R Blank DO
1996-2000 past surgeon general of Army
67
Jeanette Bolles DO
first woman to receive the DO degree | vice president of AAAO
68
When was Osteopathic Women's National Association (OWNA) founded?
1920s
69
Louisa Burns, 1870-1958
teacher from indiana that had spinal meningitis treated successfully with osteopathy published several books worked in histology and postulated the connective tissue model for somatic dysfunction
70
Mamie Johnston, 1889-1986
first graduate from KCCOS in 1917 medical curriculum changed to 4 years, so she went back to complete another year 1919 joined KCU faculty retired in 1918
71
Barbara Ross-Lee
fist female dean of a medical college - Ohio University Herritage College of Osteopathic Medicine first osteopathic physician to win Robert Wood Johnson Health Policy Fellowship 2001 CP of NY Institute of Technology Health Sciences and Medical Affairs 2002 Dean of New York College of Osteopathic Medicine
72
When was the National Osteopathic Women Physicians Association established?
1988
73
Marcelino Oliva, 1935-2011
cuban born graduate of KCU President of Florida Osteopathic Medical association First minority AOA president 1988-1989
74
William G Anderson
associate dean of AT Still University big in the civil rights movement AOA president 1994-1995 board of trustees for 20 years

OS1 Exam 1 (8 decks)

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