Solvents And Toxicology Flashcards
What are the 3 main routes of entry?
Ingestion
Inhalation
Absorption
What 4 things can happen to toxins in the body?
Distribution
Storage
Metabolism
Excretion
How are toxins distributed around the body?
Primarily in blood
In solution or bound to lipids
Moves through cell linings of absorbing organs
Where are toxins primarily stored in the body?
Adipose tissue (fat)
Bone
Liver
Kidneys
Where does metabolism of toxins occur in the body?
Mainly liver
Some can be metabolised in kidneys, lungs, and skin
Where can toxins be excreted?
Through kidneys via urine
What is a solvent?
Any substance that is used to dissolve, dilute, suspend or attract another substance
What are 7 groups of chemical substances that are solvents?
Alcohol
Esters
Ketones
Aldehydes
Hydrocarbons
Ethers
Glycols
Where are solvents commonly used?
Dry cleaning
Industrial cleaning
Agriculture
Food processing and packaging
Pharmaceuticals
Personal care
Engineering
How can exposure to solvents occur?
Maintenance
Fugitive emissions from leaks
Contact with liquid or vapour from spillages
Transfer of solvents between vessels
Vapours from use of products
Metal degreasing
Screen printing
Fabric cleaning
Paint and lacquer coating
Refrigerants
What are the target organs / systems in the body?
Respiratory system
Central nervous system
Peripheral nervous system
Liver
Kidneys
Cardio-vasclar system
Reproductive system
Skin
What effect do solvents have on the respiratory system?
Irritation to mucous membranes
What acute effect do solvents have on the Central nervous system?
Headache
Nausea
Dizziness
Drowsiness
What effect can higher concentration of solvents have on the Central nervous system?
Unconsciousness
Asphyxiation
What psychotic symptoms can be caused by any extreme exposure to certain solvents?
Irritability
Anger
Hallucinations
Suicide
