Solutions & Emulsions

Question 1

emulsification

Answer 1

adding energy thru titration/homogenization –> creates small droplets of one liquid phase within another AND a static charge around those droplets.

Question 2

adding energy thru titration/homogenization –> creates small droplets of one liquid phase within another AND a static charge around those droplets.

Answer 2

emulsification

Question 3

compounding challenges for emulsions (3 additions)

Answer 3

1. Preservatives added –> prevent microbiologic growth; must be present in aqueous phase in free, unbound, un-ionized, unadsorbed state
2. antioxidants added –> to prevent rancidification of oils/fats (bad smell/taste)
3. flavoring added –> to external phase to improve taste

Question 4

Solution

Answer 4

liquid preps that contain one or more solute dissolved in a solvent OR the mixture of 2 miscible solvents

Question 5

liquid preps that contain one or more solute dissolved in a solvent OR the mixture of 2 miscible solvents

Answer 5

solution

Question 6

solute

Answer 6

substance dissolved in solvent

Question 7

solvent

Answer 7

base liquid

Question 8

solution

Answer 8

solute dissolved in solvent

Question 9

solubility

Answer 9

degree/extent to which a solute dissolves in a solvent

Question 10

Solution vs. Suspension

Answer 10

Solution:
- homogenous
- smaller particles mixed
- dissolved –> looks clear
- uniform distribution
- less stable

Suspension:
- heterogenous
- larger particles suspended
- mixture –> looks cloudy
- need to shake to uniformly distribute particles

Question 11

Aqueous Solution vs. Non-Aqueous Solution

Answer 11

Aqueous:
- solvent = distilled water
- most common
- add flavoring, preservatives, buffering salts
- ex. syrups, aromatic waters, mucilage, aqueous acids

Non-Aqueous:
- solvent = alcohol (not water)
- less common due to alcohol concerns
- caution in peds
- ex. elixirs, spirits, tinctures

Question 12

1 oz = ____ ml

Answer 12

1 oz = 29.57 ml

Question 13

% w/v =

Answer 13

g/100 ml

Question 14

% v/w =

Answer 14

ml/100g

Question 15

% v/v

Answer 15

ml/100ml

Question 16

mg%

Answer 16

mg/100ml

Question 17

“qs to Xoz” –>

Answer 17

final dispensing volume (convert oz to ml)
(29.57ml = 1 oz)

Question 18

amount of drug needed is given as a % –>

Answer 18

create a proprotion comparing % to final dispensing volume
○ ex. 10% = 10g / 100mL
○ final dispensing volume = 118.3mL
○ so, 10g / 100 ml = Xg / 118.3ml
answer: X=11.83g

Question 19

Solution Procedure:

Answer 19

1. weigh out drug in beaker
2. dissolve drug in minimal amount of dH2O
3. transfer to grad cylinder w/ repeated washings of solvent
4. qs to final dispensing volume with solvent
5. mix by pouring between dispensing container and grad cylinder
6. label/dispense