Solutions and Their Behaviors Flashcards
What is a solution?
Homogenous mixtures that consists of one or more solutes uniformly dispersed at the molecular or ionic level throughout a medium known as a solvent.
Is a solvent or solute typically present in a larger amount?
Solvent
Formula for Molality (m)?
M=Moles solute/kg solvent
Formula for Molarity (M)
M=Moles solute/L solution
T/F: The difference between Molarity and Molality becomes larger as solutions become more dilute?
False.
Difference becomes smaller
Which is more appropriate for dealing with physical chemistry, Molarity or Molality?
Molality
Define and give an example of Solubility?
The amount of solute that will dissolve in a given amount of solvent.
Ex: How much O2 or CO2 would dissolve in how much blood.
Define and give an example of Saturated?
A saturated solution contains the maximum amount of a solute as defined by its solubility.
Ex: Preoxygenating.
What is it called when a solution contains more solute than allowed by the solubility?
Supersaturated.
What is it called when two liquids are soluble in each other in all proportions?
Miscible.
What is the energy called that is released when molecules or ions settle into crystalline structures?
Lattice Energy (LE)
Is Lattice Energy inherently an exothermic or endothermic reaction?
Exothermic
What is the energy called when an ion or molecules settles into a sphere of solvent molecules?
Solvation
Is solvation inherently an exothermic or endothermic reaction?
Exothermic
As Pressure increases, what happens to solubility?
Solubility increases.
Who’s provided the law/theory that states the amount of gas which dissolves in liquid is directly proportional to the PP of the gas, provided T is constant?
Henry’s Law.
What is a practical example of Henry’s Law?
Carbonated pop/champagne. Must be under pressure or CO2 comes out.
As Temperature increases, what happens to solubility?
Solubility decreases (think of opening warm can of pop, The CO2 is less soluble and comes bubbling out.)
As vapor pressure goes down, what happens to boiling point?
Boiling point goes up.
Hyperbaric/hypertonic solution for spinal, does it move up or down in a sitting patient?
Moves down.
How is freezing point decreased?
Solute is added (ex: adding salt to icecream to lower the freezing point).
As vapor pressure increases, what happens to boiling point?
Boiling point goes down.
What results from the potential drive for the concentration of water to equalize between a semi-permeable membrane?
Osmosis
What is the Tyndall effect?
Effect that light has on passing through a colloid fluid. Creates a blueish hue.
T/F Colloidal particles can be filtered and can settle out of solution?
False.
T/F: Crystallouds exhibit the Tyndall effect?
False. Colloids do
