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Chemistry/Physics > Quiz #1 > Flashcards

Quiz #1 Flashcards

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1
Q

Substances with greater intermolecular attraction have greater or lesser surface tension?

A

Greater surface tension.

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2
Q

Describe surface tension:

A

A molecule near the center of a drop of water experiences no net intermolecular force because these forces operate in all directions and simple cancel out. On the other hand, a molecule near the surface of the droplet will experience a net inward force.

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3
Q

What fluid property allows an object having a greater density than the liquid to float on top of the liquid?

A

Surface tension

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4
Q

What law is involved when talking about blood vessels and aneurysms?

A

LaPlace’s Law

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5
Q

What measurement of a blood vessel does amount of surface/wall tension depend on?

A

Radius of the sphere or cylinder

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6
Q

If the diameter and pressure remain the same, does a sphere or a cylinder have more wall tension?

A

A cylinder has more wall tension. Approx 2 times as much wall tension as a sphere

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7
Q

Is wall tension directly or inversely related to the radius?

A

It is directly related. As radius increase, so does wall tension.

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8
Q

How are capillaries able to withstand high pressure with such thin walls?

A

Due to LaPlace’s Law, because the radius of capillaries is so small, the wall tension is much less than larger vessels.

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9
Q

How are arteries able to withstand such high wall tension?

A

Arteries have thick walls which helps combat the inherent wall tension from their large diameter

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10
Q

How do soaps/detergents work?

A

They work by breaking down the sruface tension of water

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11
Q

Which physical property of soap contributes to its ability to break surface tension of water?

A

Greasy tails on the non-polar head of the molecule

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12
Q

What is vapor pressure?

A

Liquid in a container will have molecules that turn into the gas form. This gas exerts a pressure in an enclosed space.

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13
Q

As temperature increases, what happens to vapor pressure?

A

Increases

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14
Q

What is a saturated vapor pressure?

A

The process of evaporation in a closed container will continue until there are as many molecules returning to the liquid as there are escaping. At this point, it is called saturated vapor pressure

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15
Q

What is the name for the temperature at which the vapor pressure is equal to the atmospheric pressure?

A

Boiling point

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16
Q

At sea level, what vapor pressure is required to reach boiling point of a given liquid?

A

760mmHg or 760 torr

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17
Q

What is volatility?

A

The tendency of a liquid to evaporate

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18
Q

Does a more volatile liquid have a higher of lower vapor pressure?

A

Higher vapor pressure

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19
Q

Which anesthetic gas has the highest vapor pressure?

A

Desflurane

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20
Q

Which anesthetic gas has the lowest vapor pressure?

A

Sevoflurane

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21
Q

What is the vapor pressure of desflurane?
Isoflurane?
Sevoflurane?

A

Desflurane=669mmHg
Isoflurane=239mmHg
Sevoflurane=157mmHg

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22
Q

Which anesthetic gas requires a TEC 6 vaporizer?

A

Desflurane

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23
Q

How is the TEC 6 vaporizer different than a generic vaporizer?

A

A Tec 6 vaporizer heats the anesthetic gas to approximately 2atms and then is is added into the total patient flow

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24
Q

What is sublimation?

A

Solid to a gas

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25
Q

What is deposition?

A

Gas into a solid

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26
Q

What is the triple point of a substance?

A

The point at which the substance can exist as either a solid, a liquid, or a solid.

27
Q

How does Pascal’s Principle relate to arterial line wavefrom?

A

The pressure applied to a confined fluid increases the pressure throughout the fluid by the same amount.

28
Q

Is pressure inversely or proportionately related to radius?

A

Inversely

29
Q

What does Archimedes Principle state?

A

An object immersed either totally or partially in a fluid feels a buoyant force equal to the weight of the fluid displaced.

30
Q

How much fluid will be displaced if an object weighs 10 lbs?

A

10 lbs of water.

31
Q

What does a hydrometer measure?

A

Measures density.

32
Q

The rate of change of a velocity is referred to as {blank}?

A

Acceleration

33
Q

In a cylinder (tube), what happens to speed as diameter increases?

A

It decreases.

34
Q

Who’s law/principle states that as a fluid flows faster, the less pressure it exerts?

A

Bernoulli’s Principle

35
Q

What does Venturi effect exhibit?

A

It shows that pressure in a tube with constant flow decreases as diameter decreases. This also shows that pressure decreases as speed increases.

36
Q

In a smaller diameter tube what happens to pressure and speed?

A

Pressure decreases and speed increases

37
Q

In a larger diameter tube, what happens to pressure and speed?

A

Pressure increases and speed decreases

38
Q

Actual definition of viscosity?

A

A measure of the resistance of a fluid to deform under shear stress. It is commonly perceived as “thickness” or resistance to pouring.

39
Q

Laminar flow within a pipe and how it relates to the fourth power of the radius is which law/principle?

A

Poiseuille’s Law

40
Q

As viscosity increases, what happens to flow?

A

flow decreases

41
Q

As length decreases, what happens to flow?

A

flow increases

42
Q

As radius increases, what happens to flow?

A

Flow increases

43
Q

As pressure decreases, what happens to flow?

A

Flow decreases

44
Q

What four things is flow dependent on according to Poiseuilles’s Law?

A

Radius.
Length.
Pressure.
Viscosity

45
Q

What does Reynold’s Number tell us?

A

It predicts at what point a fluid flowing will become turbulent

46
Q

As viscosity increases, what happens to Reynolds Number?

A

It decreases

47
Q

The lower the Reynolds Number, is it more or less prone to turbulence?

A

It is less prone to turbulence.

48
Q

Which type of current is more efficient DC or AC?

A

AC. DC will need to be “re-charged” because it needs something to keep sending it.

49
Q

What happens when you add another resistor in a series?

A

They are added.

50
Q

What happens with resistors that are connected in parallel?

A

They are not added they are independent of each other

51
Q

What is a P-Type semiconductor?

A

Silicon doped with a positive holes of boron

52
Q

What is a N-Type semiconductor?

A

Silicon doped with negative holes of arsenic

53
Q

Which law relates to spectroscopy?

A

Beer Lambert’s Law

54
Q

What is the maximum current intensity that is considered harmless macroshock?

A

5 and under

55
Q

What is different between macroshock and microshock?

A

Microshock is directly to heart.

Macroshock is conducted through patient’s skin or other tissues

56
Q

What occurs if the ungrounded system in the OR becomes grounded?

A

Fault

57
Q

What happens if a second fault happens in the ungrounded OR system?

A

A shock can result

58
Q

What does the line isolation monitor do?

A

It alarms when a fault in an ungrounded system occurs

59
Q

The alarm set point for a line isolation monitor is usually between what and what mA?

A

2 and 5 mA

60
Q

What does it mean when the line isolation monitor reads >5mA?

A

It is likely a faulty piece of equipment in the OR

61
Q

What does it mean when the line isolation monitor reads between 2 and 5mA?

A

Probably means there is simply too much electrical equipment plugged into the circuit.

62
Q

What must also be used when electrosurgery is being used?

A

A grounding pad

63
Q

What is the most important factor in preventing patient burns from electrosurgery?

A

Proper application of the return plate.

Chemistry/Physics (6 decks)

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