Quiz #1 Flashcards
Substances with greater intermolecular attraction have greater or lesser surface tension?
Greater surface tension.
Describe surface tension:
A molecule near the center of a drop of water experiences no net intermolecular force because these forces operate in all directions and simple cancel out. On the other hand, a molecule near the surface of the droplet will experience a net inward force.
What fluid property allows an object having a greater density than the liquid to float on top of the liquid?
Surface tension
What law is involved when talking about blood vessels and aneurysms?
LaPlace’s Law
What measurement of a blood vessel does amount of surface/wall tension depend on?
Radius of the sphere or cylinder
If the diameter and pressure remain the same, does a sphere or a cylinder have more wall tension?
A cylinder has more wall tension. Approx 2 times as much wall tension as a sphere
Is wall tension directly or inversely related to the radius?
It is directly related. As radius increase, so does wall tension.
How are capillaries able to withstand high pressure with such thin walls?
Due to LaPlace’s Law, because the radius of capillaries is so small, the wall tension is much less than larger vessels.
How are arteries able to withstand such high wall tension?
Arteries have thick walls which helps combat the inherent wall tension from their large diameter
How do soaps/detergents work?
They work by breaking down the sruface tension of water
Which physical property of soap contributes to its ability to break surface tension of water?
Greasy tails on the non-polar head of the molecule
What is vapor pressure?
Liquid in a container will have molecules that turn into the gas form. This gas exerts a pressure in an enclosed space.
As temperature increases, what happens to vapor pressure?
Increases
What is a saturated vapor pressure?
The process of evaporation in a closed container will continue until there are as many molecules returning to the liquid as there are escaping. At this point, it is called saturated vapor pressure
What is the name for the temperature at which the vapor pressure is equal to the atmospheric pressure?
Boiling point
At sea level, what vapor pressure is required to reach boiling point of a given liquid?
760mmHg or 760 torr
What is volatility?
The tendency of a liquid to evaporate
Does a more volatile liquid have a higher of lower vapor pressure?
Higher vapor pressure
Which anesthetic gas has the highest vapor pressure?
Desflurane
Which anesthetic gas has the lowest vapor pressure?
Sevoflurane
What is the vapor pressure of desflurane?
Isoflurane?
Sevoflurane?
Desflurane=669mmHg
Isoflurane=239mmHg
Sevoflurane=157mmHg
Which anesthetic gas requires a TEC 6 vaporizer?
Desflurane
How is the TEC 6 vaporizer different than a generic vaporizer?
A Tec 6 vaporizer heats the anesthetic gas to approximately 2atms and then is is added into the total patient flow
What is sublimation?
Solid to a gas
What is deposition?
Gas into a solid
What is the triple point of a substance?
The point at which the substance can exist as either a solid, a liquid, or a solid.
How does Pascal’s Principle relate to arterial line wavefrom?
The pressure applied to a confined fluid increases the pressure throughout the fluid by the same amount.
Is pressure inversely or proportionately related to radius?
Inversely
What does Archimedes Principle state?
An object immersed either totally or partially in a fluid feels a buoyant force equal to the weight of the fluid displaced.
How much fluid will be displaced if an object weighs 10 lbs?
10 lbs of water.
What does a hydrometer measure?
Measures density.
The rate of change of a velocity is referred to as {blank}?
Acceleration
In a cylinder (tube), what happens to speed as diameter increases?
It decreases.
Who’s law/principle states that as a fluid flows faster, the less pressure it exerts?
Bernoulli’s Principle
What does Venturi effect exhibit?
It shows that pressure in a tube with constant flow decreases as diameter decreases. This also shows that pressure decreases as speed increases.
In a smaller diameter tube what happens to pressure and speed?
Pressure decreases and speed increases
In a larger diameter tube, what happens to pressure and speed?
Pressure increases and speed decreases
Actual definition of viscosity?
A measure of the resistance of a fluid to deform under shear stress. It is commonly perceived as “thickness” or resistance to pouring.
Laminar flow within a pipe and how it relates to the fourth power of the radius is which law/principle?
Poiseuille’s Law
As viscosity increases, what happens to flow?
flow decreases
As length decreases, what happens to flow?
flow increases
As radius increases, what happens to flow?
Flow increases
As pressure decreases, what happens to flow?
Flow decreases
What four things is flow dependent on according to Poiseuilles’s Law?
Radius.
Length.
Pressure.
Viscosity
What does Reynold’s Number tell us?
It predicts at what point a fluid flowing will become turbulent
As viscosity increases, what happens to Reynolds Number?
It decreases
The lower the Reynolds Number, is it more or less prone to turbulence?
It is less prone to turbulence.
Which type of current is more efficient DC or AC?
AC. DC will need to be “re-charged” because it needs something to keep sending it.
What happens when you add another resistor in a series?
They are added.
What happens with resistors that are connected in parallel?
They are not added they are independent of each other
What is a P-Type semiconductor?
Silicon doped with a positive holes of boron
What is a N-Type semiconductor?
Silicon doped with negative holes of arsenic
Which law relates to spectroscopy?
Beer Lambert’s Law
What is the maximum current intensity that is considered harmless macroshock?
5 and under
What is different between macroshock and microshock?
Microshock is directly to heart.
Macroshock is conducted through patient’s skin or other tissues
What occurs if the ungrounded system in the OR becomes grounded?
Fault
What happens if a second fault happens in the ungrounded OR system?
A shock can result
What does the line isolation monitor do?
It alarms when a fault in an ungrounded system occurs
The alarm set point for a line isolation monitor is usually between what and what mA?
2 and 5 mA
What does it mean when the line isolation monitor reads >5mA?
It is likely a faulty piece of equipment in the OR
What does it mean when the line isolation monitor reads between 2 and 5mA?
Probably means there is simply too much electrical equipment plugged into the circuit.
What must also be used when electrosurgery is being used?
A grounding pad
What is the most important factor in preventing patient burns from electrosurgery?
Proper application of the return plate.
