Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Chemistry > Solutions and Solubility > Flashcards

Solutions and Solubility Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Periodic Table flashcards Chemistry 101 flashcards AP® Chemistry flashcards Organic Chemistry 101 flashcards
1
Q

Solution

A

A homogeneous mixture of 2 or more substances (uniform throughout)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Solvent

A

Any Substance that has another substance dissolved in it (usually the larges amount)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Solute

A

A substance dissolved in the solvent.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Solutions

A

Unlike pure substances, can have variable compositions, therefore different ratios of solvent to solute.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Aqueous Solution

A

Water is the solvent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Miscible Liquids

A

Can be combined in any proportion and are readily dissolvable

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Immiscible Liquids

A

Liquids that do not readily dissolve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Saturated Solutions

A

Formed when no more solute will dissolve and excess solute is present

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Unsaturated Solutions

A

Solutions that are not yet saturated, more solute can dissolve.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Solubility

A

The maximum amount of a solute that can be dissolved in a given quantity of a solvent at a given temperature.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Rate of Dissolving

A

The speed at which the solute dissolves into a solvent.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Factors Affecting the Rate of Dissolving

A
  • Heating (increases the kinetic energy of the solute: higher temperature= faster dissolving)
  • Agitation/Stirring (Allows the unsaturated portions of the solution to come in contact with the solute: disturbs equilibrium process)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Factors Affecting Solubility

A
  • Temperature (solubility mostly increases with heat)
  • Pressure (Increasing pressure increases solubility in gases and liquids but is not possible for solids)
  • Molecule Size (Smaller molecules are more soluble than larger ones)
  • Polarity (Polar solutes dissolve better in polar solvents and non-polar solutes in non-polar solvents)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Concentration of a mass: volume %/ percent (m/v)

A

A ratio of the mass of a solute to the volume of a solution, expressed as a percentage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Concentration of a mass/ mass percent or percent (m/m)

A

A ratio of the mass of solute to the mass of a solution, expressed as a percentage.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Concentration as a volume/ volume percent or percent (v/v)

A

A ratio of the volume of solute to the volume of solution, expressed as a percentage.

17
Q

Concentration of a parts per million (ppm)

A

Parts per million as a ratio of solute ton solution (x10^6)

18
Q

Concentration of a parts per billion (ppb)

A

Parts per billion as a ratio of solute to solution (x10^9)

19
Q

Molarity (Molar Concentration)

A

A 1 mole solution contains 1 mole of solute per 1L of solution.

20
Q

Dilution

A

Solutions purchased or prepared routinely by laboratories are in concentrated form (stock solution). Solutions of lower concentrations can then be prepared by adding water (dilution).

21
Q

Precipitation Reaction

A

Reactions that result in the formation of an insoluble solid

22
Q

Precipitate

A

An insoluble solid formed by a reaction in solution

23
Q

Arrhenius’ Theory

A

An acid is a substance that produces H+ ions when dissolved in water, while a base is a substance that produces OH- ions when dissolved in water.

24
Q

Bronsted-Lowry Theory

A

An acid is a substance which a proton (H+ ion) can be removed. A base is a substance that can remove a proton from and acid.

25
Q

Conjugate Acid-Base Pairs

A

Eery base has a corresponding acid and every base has a corresponding base.

26
Q

Ionization

A

The process of forming an ion

27
Q

Dissociation

A

The process in which ions break apart when dissolved in solution.

28
Q

Concentrated Acid/Base

A

Contains many acid molecules dissolved in water

29
Q

Dilute Acid/ Base

A

Only contains a few acid molecules dissolved in water.

30
Q

Strength Results of Acids and Bases

A

Strong acids and bases dissociate almost completely whereas weak acids and bases dissociate slightly.

31
Q

Titration

A

A process that is used to determine the concentration of a solution by reacting a known volume of that solution with a measured volume of a solution that has a known concentration.

Chemistry (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions