Gas Laws Flashcards
Boyles Law
The volume of a given mass of a gas at a constant temperature is inversely proportional to its pressure.
P1V1=P2V2
Charles Law
The volume of a fixed amount of any gas at fixed pressure is directly proportional to it’s Kelvin temperature.
V1= V2
T1 T2
Gay-Lussac’s Law
At a constant volume, the pressure of a fixed mass of a gas is directly proportional to it’s Kelvin pressure.
P1=P2
T1 T2
The Combined Gas Law
You can now calculate the new value of any of the three variables (P, V, T) if the other 2 new values are known.
P1V1=P2V2
T1 T2
Law of Combining Volumes
When gases react, the volumes of the gaseous reactants and products, measured under the same conditions of temperature and pressure are always in whole number ratios.
Avogadro’s Law
All equal volumes of all ideal gases at the same temperature and pressure contain the same number of molecules regardless of their mass.
n1=n2
V1 V2
At STP is 22.4L= 1 mol
The Ideal Gas Law
Applies to any gas for which the assumptions of the kinetic molecular theory are valid
PV=nRT
Dalton’s Law of Partial Pressures
The total pressure of a mixture of gases is the sum of the pressure of each of the individual gases.
Pt= P1+P2+P3…
Grahm’s Law of Diffusion and Effusion
The rate of diffusion or effusion of a gas is inversely related to the square root of the molar mass of the gas. r1=Mm2 r2 Mm1 (square rooted)
2 Main Factors Determining the State of a Substance
- The forces holding the particles (ions, atoms, or molecules) together.
- The kinetic energy of particles (which has a tendency to pull them apart)
The Kinetic Molecular Theory of Gases
Gas particles move in a completely random fashion
Absolute Pressure
The actual pressure exerted by a gas and measured using a barometer.
Relative Pressure
The pressure exerted by a gas relative to the atmospheric pressure. Measured using a manometer.
STP
P: 101.3kPa
T: 0C
V: 22.4L
SATP
P: 100kPa
T: 25C
V: 24.8L
