Solutions

Question 1

Solutions

Answer 1

Homogenous mixtures of substances that combine to form a single phase

Question 2

Solvent

Answer 2

The component of a solution whose phase remains the same after mixing or is present in greater quantity

Question 3

Solvation/dissolution

Answer 3

When the attraction forces between solute and solvent are stronger than those between the solvent particles

Question 4

Solubility

Answer 4

The maximum amount of a substance that can be dissolved in a particular solvent at a particular temperature

Question 5

Crystallization

Answer 5

When a dissolved solute comes out of solution and forms crystals

Question 6

Supersaturated

Answer 6

Solutions that contain more solute than in a saturated solution

Question 7

Electrolytes

Answer 7

Solutes that make conductive solutions

Question 8

Strong electrolytes

Answer 8

A solute that dissociated completely into its constituent ions in aqueous solutions

Question 9

Weak electrolytes

Answer 9

A solute that ionizes incompletely in aqueous solutions

Question 10

Nonelectrolytes

Answer 10

Compounds that do not ionize at all in aqueous solutions

Question 11

Concentration

Answer 11

The amount of solute dissolved in a solvent

Expressed as percent composition by mass, mole fraction (X), molarity (M), molality (m), or normality (N)

Question 12

Percent composition by mass

Answer 12

mass solute/mass solution X 100%

Question 13

Mole fraction (X)

Answer 13

The number of moles of the compound divided by the total number of moles of all species within the system

Question 14

Molarity (M)

Answer 14

The number of moles of solute per liter of solution

M = n/V

Question 15

Molality (m)

Answer 15

The number of moles of solute per kg of solvent

m = n/kg solvent

Question 16

Normality (N)

Answer 16

The number of gram equivalent weights of solute per liter of solution
N = eq/L

Question 17

Dilution

Answer 17

When a solvent is added to a solution of higher concentration to produce a solution of lower concentration
c1v1=c2v2

Question 18

Soluble salts

Answer 18

alkali metal ions
ammonium ion (NH4+)
Cl-, Br-, I- except Ag+, Pb2+ and Hg2+
sulfate ion (SO4 2-) except Ca2+, Sr2+, Ba2+, Pb2+

Question 19

Insoluble salts

Answer 19

metal oxides except alkali, CaO, SrO, BaO
hydroxides except alkali metal, Ca2+, Sr2+, Ba2+
carbonates (CO3 2-), phosphates (PO4 3-), sulfides (S2-) and sulphites (SO3 2-) except alkali metals or ammonium