Acids and Bases Flashcards
Acids
Sour taste
Aq solutions conduct electricity
React with bases to form water & salt
Nonoxidizing acids react with metals to produce H gas
Turn litmus paper red
Bases
Bitter taste Aq solutions conduct electricity React with acids to form water & salt Slippery Turn litmus paper blue
Arrhenius acid
A species that produces H+
Arrhenius base
A species that produces OH-
Bronsted-Lowry acid
A species that donates protons
Bronsted-Lowry base
A species that accepts protons
Lewis acid
Electron-pair acceptor
Lewis base
Electron-pair donor
Acid dissociation constant, Ka
Measure the degree to which an acid dissociates
Weaker acid = smaller Ka
Base dissociation constant, Kb
Measure the degree to which a base dissociated
Weaker base = smaller Kb
Conjugate acid
The acid formed when a base gains a proton
Conjugate base
The base formed when an acid loses a proton
Neutralization reaction
Acids and bases react to form a salt and water
Hydrolysis
Salt ions react with water to form an acid or base
Acid equivalent
Equal to one mole of H+ ions
Base equivalent
Equal to one mole of OH- ions
Polyvalent
Each mole of acid of base liberates more than one acid or base equivalent
Equivalent weight
MW divided by number of equivalents per mole
Amphoteric species
One that can act as an acid or base depending on its chemical environment
Titration
A procedure used to determine the molarity of an acid or base
A known volume of a solution of unknown concentration is reacted with a known volume of a solution of known concentration
Equivalence point
The number of acid equivalents equals the number of base equivalents
End point
The point at which an indicator changes colour
Indicator
Weak organic acids or bases that have different colours in their undissociated and dissociated states
Buffer solution
Resist changes in pH
A mixture of a weak acid and its salt or a weak base and its salt
Henderson-Hasselbalach equation
Used to estimate the pH of a solution in the buffer region where the concentrations of the species and its conjugate are present in approximately equal concentrations
Polyprotic acids and bases
Produce titration curve with multiple half-equivalence points in buffer region (= pKa) and equivalence points (predominate species)
