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Chemistry > Acids and Bases > Flashcards

Acids and Bases Flashcards

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1
Q

Acids

A

Sour taste
Aq solutions conduct electricity
React with bases to form water & salt
Nonoxidizing acids react with metals to produce H gas
Turn litmus paper red

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2
Q

Bases

A 
Bitter taste
Aq solutions conduct electricity
React with acids to form water & salt
Slippery
Turn litmus paper blue
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3
Q

Arrhenius acid

A

A species that produces H+

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4
Q

Arrhenius base

A

A species that produces OH-

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5
Q

Bronsted-Lowry acid

A

A species that donates protons

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6
Q

Bronsted-Lowry base

A

A species that accepts protons

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7
Q

Lewis acid

A

Electron-pair acceptor

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8
Q

Lewis base

A

Electron-pair donor

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9
Q

Acid dissociation constant, Ka

A

Measure the degree to which an acid dissociates

Weaker acid = smaller Ka

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10
Q

Base dissociation constant, Kb

A

Measure the degree to which a base dissociated

Weaker base = smaller Kb

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11
Q

Conjugate acid

A

The acid formed when a base gains a proton

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12
Q

Conjugate base

A

The base formed when an acid loses a proton

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13
Q

Neutralization reaction

A

Acids and bases react to form a salt and water

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14
Q

Hydrolysis

A

Salt ions react with water to form an acid or base

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15
Q

Acid equivalent

A

Equal to one mole of H+ ions

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16
Q

Base equivalent

A

Equal to one mole of OH- ions

17
Q

Polyvalent

A

Each mole of acid of base liberates more than one acid or base equivalent

18
Q

Equivalent weight

A

MW divided by number of equivalents per mole

19
Q

Amphoteric species

A

One that can act as an acid or base depending on its chemical environment

20
Q

Titration

A

A procedure used to determine the molarity of an acid or base
A known volume of a solution of unknown concentration is reacted with a known volume of a solution of known concentration

21
Q

Equivalence point

A

The number of acid equivalents equals the number of base equivalents

22
Q

End point

A

The point at which an indicator changes colour

23
Q

Indicator

A

Weak organic acids or bases that have different colours in their undissociated and dissociated states

24
Q

Buffer solution

A

Resist changes in pH

A mixture of a weak acid and its salt or a weak base and its salt

25
Q

Henderson-Hasselbalach equation

A

Used to estimate the pH of a solution in the buffer region where the concentrations of the species and its conjugate are present in approximately equal concentrations

26
Q

Polyprotic acids and bases

A

Produce titration curve with multiple half-equivalence points in buffer region (= pKa) and equivalence points (predominate species)

Chemistry (15 decks)

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