Solutions

Question 1

things about water (hydrogen bonding)

Answer 1

high surface tension
low vapor pressure
lots of energy to melt and boil
high specific heat- lots of heat

Question 2

solution

Answer 2

a homogeneous mixture of 2 or more substances in the same phase (not water)

Question 3

parts of a sol

Answer 3

solvent, solute

Question 4

solvent

Answer 4

the dissolving medium

Question 5

solute

Answer 5

the substance dissolved in the solution

Question 6

size of liquid things

Answer 6

solutions, colloids, suspensions

Question 7

solutions

Answer 7

very small particles, homogenous, can see through the, mixed fully,

Question 8

miscible

Answer 8

2 liquids dissolved in each other

Question 9

immiscible

Answer 9

2 liquids that don’t dissolve in another

Question 10

like dissolves like

Answer 10

-polar solvents dissolve polar or ionic compounds (changes dissolve charges)
-nonpolar solv. will dissolve n.p. substances

Question 11

colloids

Answer 11

-particles are bigger than those in sols.
-particles are dispersed throughout but can’t be filtered, don’t settle
-still considered a homogenous mixture
-(milk, fog, smoke, whipped cream)

Question 12

Tyndall effect

Answer 12

test for colloids, particles that are big enough to scatter the light

Question 13

suspensions

Answer 13

-particles are even bigger than colloids
-considered hetero, mixture
-particles aren’t dissolved
-unless continuously stirred the particles will settle to the bottom

Question 14

dissolution

Answer 14

a general process of dissolving (covalent compounds dissolve as a whole molecule, ionic compounds separate into ions)

Question 15

dissociation

Answer 15

specific to ionic compounds dissolving into ions (polyatomic ions stay together as a group)

Question 16

Electrolytes

Answer 16

ionic bonds spereate into charged particles when dissolved. the ions will carry change, conducting electricity

Question 17

dissolution of covalent compounds

Answer 17

polar covalent compounds are held together by dipole-dipole
-the poles of water can break INTER-molecular bonds (between molecule)
-but they can’t break INTRAmolecular bonds (inside molecules)

Question 18

what makes a substance dissolve faster

Answer 18

TAPS (temperature, agitation, particle size)

Question 19

Temperature

Answer 19

-cold/hot water demo
-increases the rate of collision by having faster-moving molecules
-Each collision happens with more force, pushing solute farther into the solvent

Question 20

Particle size

Answer 20

-crushing, grinding, ripping
-brings more solute from the inside into contact w/ the solvent particle

Question 20

Agitation

Answer 20

-stirring, shaking, rolling
-created more collisions by moving saturated sol. out of the way

Question 21

solubility

Answer 21

the limit to how much solute can be dissolved

Question 22

solubility depends on

Answer 22

-solute
-solvent
-temperature

Question 23

solubitiy chart rules

Answer 23

-on the line: saturated
-under the line: unsaturated
above the line: supersaturated

Question 24

saturated

Answer 24

a solution that contains the maximum amnt. of solute (if more crystals are added they fall to the bottom)

Question 25

unsaturated

Answer 25

a sol. that has less that the maximum amnt. of solute dissolved in it (if more solute added it will disolve)

Question 26

supersaturated

Answer 26

a sol. that contains more dissolved solute than a saturated sol. contains under the same sol. (if you add more solute it will make all the extra come out)

Question 27

concentration

Answer 27

the concentration of a solution is a measure of the amnt. of solute in a sol.

Question 28

dilute v.s. concentrated solutions

Answer 28

relative terms that refer to a low or high solute concentration but the do not give an actual number

Question 29

molarity

Answer 29

the number of moles of solute in one liter of solution M=mol/L

Question 30

making a solution

Answer 30

practice how to do this

Question 31

how to get moles easily

Answer 31

if you have molarity and volume multiply to get moles MxL=mol

Question 32

boiling point elevation

Answer 32

the boiling point of a solution goes up as the concentration goes up.

Question 33

freezing point depression

Answer 33

the freezing point of a solution goes down as the concentration goes up.

Question 34

vapor pressure lowering

Answer 34

the vapor pressure of a substance goes down as the concentration goes up

Question 35

% by mass

Answer 35

the percent of the mass of the sol, which is your solute mass solute/total mass of the sol X100

Question 36

dilutions

Answer 36

when you dilute a sol. the mol solute stays the same M1V1=M2V2

Question 37

How to Make a Solution from Another Solution

Answer 37

Take V1 of your M1 and add solvent until you reach V2. Rinse as you go and mix well. Label the flask