Soluble Oxalate poisoning Flashcards
What plants contain large amounts of soluble oxalates? (cattle and sheep)
Pigweed Halogeton Greasewood Lamb's quarters Sorrel, sour sob Sorrel, dock
Sheep may be poisoned by ____ of body weight with soluble oxalates
0.55%
Starved sheep or water deprived can be killed by only ___ of body weight with soluble oxalates
0.1%
What plant contains 3 toxins, Soluble oxalates, nitrates and an unknown toxin that causes renal disease?
Pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus)
What is the nonfatal toxic dose to adult horses of soluble oxalate?
200g/day for 8 days
What species are more susceptible to soluble oxalates?
Sheep and cattle (although the rumen microflora can detoxify oxalates to carbonates and bicarbonates)
Ruminants allowed to graze small quantities of oxalate containing plants gradually results in detoxification of up to ____ soluble oxalates than normal
70%
What plant parts contain the highest amount of soluble oxalates?
Leaves > seeds > stems
T/F. Short amount of soluble oxalates over a long period is more toxic
False - large amount over short period is more toxic
What could reduce the rate of soluble oxalate absorption?
food in the rumen
What could decrease toxicity of soluble oxalates by forming insoluble compounds that are not absorbed?
Calcium or calcium rich diet - form insoluble calcium oxalate
What could increase the oxalate content of some forages?
Oxalate producing fungi - in moldy forages
What animal is more susceptible to soluble oxalate and which one is more susceptible to nitrate and cyanide?
Sheep - soluble oxalate
Cattle - nitrate and cyanide
What was the most toxic part in the plant to nitrate? Cyanide? Soluble oxalate?
Nitrate - stalk
Cyanide - seed
Soluble oxalate - leaf
Once soluble oxalates are absorbed, they combine with calcium ion to form insoluble calcium oxalates, what does that lead to?
hypocalcemia and tetany in acute cases or affects bone and milk production in lower levels
