Cyanide poisoning Flashcards

1
Q

What plants contain cyanogenic glycosides?

A

Sudan grass
Johnson grass
Sorghums
Wild cherry

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2
Q

What is sodium nitropusside used for?

A

as a hypotensive

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3
Q

What does combustion plastic compounds produce?

A

HCN gas - hydrogen cyanide gas

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4
Q

T/F. HCN accumulates more as the plant dries

A

False, it disappears as the plant dries and also from the rumen contents

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5
Q

T/F. cyanide is irritant to mucous membranes, and the CN radical forms complexes with a number of chemicals such as ferric ion, cupric, and molybdenum

A

True

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6
Q

T/F. Cyanide has antithyroid effects

A

False - Thiocyanate SCN has antithyroid effect but not cyanide

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7
Q

What animals are more susceptible to cyanide?

A

Ruminants are more susceptible than horses and swine

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8
Q

T/F. Sheep are more susceptible to cyanide than ruminants?

A

false, less susceptible

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9
Q

What does the hydrolysis of cyanogenic plants by the rumen microflora cause?

A

the release of cyanide

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10
Q

What does plant damage (stunting, wilting, trampling, frost, drought, or treatment with 2,4-D) cause?

A

The release of B-glucoside that causes hydrolysis of cyanogenic glycosides and release of cyanide (HCN)

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11
Q

What part of the plant contains more cyanogenic glycoside?

A

The seeds > leaves > bark > stems > fruit

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12
Q

T/F adult plants contain more glycoside than young plants

A

False - young and growing plants contain more glycoside

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13
Q

What soil conditions might increase glycoside in plants?

A

nitrogen or low phosphorus

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14
Q

How is HCN absorbed?

A

form GI tract, inhalation or skin

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15
Q

T/F. CN in the presence of thiosulfate is metabolized by serum and liver sulfurtransferase (rhodanes) to thiocyanate (SCN) which is relatively more toxic and excreted in urine

A

False - less toxic

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16
Q

Excess CN in the blood and tissues binds with ferric iron and cupric copper of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase, which causes what?

A

Blocks electron transport and inhibits the cells to utilize the available oxygen resulting in histotoxic anoxia

17
Q

What acid base disorder occurs with cyanide poisoning?

A

Metabolic acidosis due to anaerobic glycolysis

18
Q

T/F Cyanide has a prominent vasodilator effect

A

False - vasoconstrictor

19
Q

Cyanide may inhibit enzymes of ______ and _____ and decrease cellular energy

A

Glycolysis and citric acid cycle

20
Q

What clinical signs will you see with cyanide poisoning?

A

Tachypnea, anxiety, severe panting, gasping, may die without showing clinical signs

21
Q

T/F. Cyanide poisoning may have goitrogenic effects

22
Q

What lesions will you see on an animal with cyanide toxicity?

A

Mucous membranes are bright red, blood cherry red and may not clot
GI and lungs show congestion and petechial hemorrhages

23
Q

What are good specimens to test for cyanide poisoning?

A

Brain and heart

24
Q

T/F. All specimens, including blood, should be frozen immediately and kept frozen until analysis

A

False - except blood

25
What are good indicators for the presence and severity of cyanide poisoning?
Lactic acidosis and increased anion gap
26
How would you treat cyanide poisoning?
Sodium nitrite 20% IV