Soluble Oxalate Plants (poisonous Plants 1)

Question 1

Spp susceptible

Answer 1

All; especially cattle and sheep

Question 2

Sources

Answer 2

Beets and dock, halogeton, lamb quarters, greasewood, rhubarb, tropical grasses, soursob

Question 3

MOA

Answer 3

Complex w/ serum Ca2+ forming calcium oxalate

(Causeing hypocalcemia & urine crystals)

Question 4

Target organs

Answer 4

GIT & kidney

Question 5

Clinical signs

Answer 5

Ruminal atony, bloat, twitching, ataxia, teeth grinding, seizures, death

Question 6

Tx

Answer 6

Decontamination, IV calcium gluconate, IV fluid diuresis, analgesics, GIT protectants, pain meds

Question 7

Prognosis

Answer 7

Poor

Question 8

Halogeton causes

Answer 8

Severe nephrosis w/ uremia and hypocalcemia

Question 9

Tp of halogeton

Answer 9

Sodium oxalate

Question 10

Tp of curly dock

Answer 10

Oxalates

Question 11

Examples of cardiac glycosides

Answer 11

Fox glove, oleander, lily of the valley, asclepias spp, dogbane

Question 12

Foxglove tp

Answer 12

Digitoxin, saponins, alkaloids

Question 13

Foxglove MOA

Answer 13

Inhibit sodium-potassium atpase enzyme -> high intracellular Na which is exchanges for Ca2+, causing increased myocardial contractility (decreasing intracellular K+)

Question 14

Target organs of fox glove

Answer 14

Cns & git

Question 15

Clinical signs of foxglove

Answer 15

Vomit, bloody diarrhea

Question 16

Tx for fox glove

Answer 16

Digoxin fab

Question 17

Tp for oleander

Answer 17

Cardiac glycoside

Question 18

Oleander target organs

Answer 18

CVS and GIT

Question 19

Clinical signs of oleander

Answer 19

• vomit, colic, diarrhea, low HR, arrhythmias, etc

Question 20

Tp of lily of the valley

Answer 20

Vomiting, trembling, colic, diarrhea, gastroenteritis, hyperkalemia, av block, petechial hemorrhage, death

Question 21

Tp of lily of the valley

Answer 21

Cardiac glycosides and saponins in the leaves, flowers, and rhizomes

Question 22

Tp for kalanchoe

Answer 22

Cardiac glycoside

Question 23

Signs of kalanchoe

Answer 23

Depression, increased rr, teeth grinding, ataxia, paralysis, death

Question 24

2 types of asclepias species

Answer 24

A. Tuberosa and A. Subverticillata

Question 25

Disease names of pyrrolizidine alkaloids

Answer 25

Seneciosis, hepatic cirrhosis, venooclusive disease

Question 26

Senecio (PA)

Answer 26

- affects all especially cattle and horses - Tp: PA - causes hepatotoxicity - tx symptoms - consists of ragworts and groundsels

Question 27

Crotalaria spp. (PA)

Answer 27

- causes hepatotoxicity - tp: PA - Same species as senecio - includes rattlebox and rattle pod

Question 28

Houndstongue tp

Answer 28

PAs

Question 29

Hounds tongue affects

Answer 29

Cattle and horses

Question 30

Tx for hounds tongue

Answer 30

Symptomatically

Question 31

Hounds tongue is a potential

Answer 31

Carcinogen

Question 32

Sickle pod/coffeeweed tp

Answer 32

Senoside

Question 33

Sickle pod/ coffeeweed tox

Answer 33

Laxative effects

Question 34

Targets of sicklepod/.coffeeweed

Answer 34

Git, skeletal and cardiac m.

Question 35

Clinical signs of poison hemlock

Answer 35

Dilated pupils, weakness, staggering, slow pulse that becomes fast, teratogenic

Question 36

Poison hemlock targets the

Answer 36

Nervous system

Question 37

Poison hemlock affects

Answer 37

All spp

Question 38

Poison hemlock tp

Answer 38

Piperidine alkaloids that cause nicotinic effects

Question 39

Water hemlock tp

Answer 39

Resinoids, cicutoxin, cicutaol toxins

Question 40

Clinical signs of water hemlock

Answer 40

Rapid onset of violent convulsions, death in 15-30 mins

Question 41

Water hemlock targets

Answer 41

Cns and causes seizures

Question 42

Tp of lantana

Answer 42

Triterpenoids; ALL PARTS TOXIC

Question 43

Clinical signs of lantana

Answer 43

Liver toxicosis, jaundice, constipation, loss of appetite