Poisonous Plants 2

Question 1

TP of death angel

Answer 1

Ibotenic acid and muscimol

Question 2

Target of death angel

Answer 2

Liver

Question 3

Clinical signs of death angel

Answer 3

Tachycard., hypotension, ataxia, seizures, hyperactivity, paddling, chewing, opisthotonus, respiratory depression, coma, death

Question 4

Death angel tx

Answer 4

Diazepam & treat symptoms

Question 5

Clinical signs of grape/raisins

Answer 5

• early: vomiting (within 2 hrs)
• diarrhea
• excessive thirst
• excessive pee or lethargy

Question 6

In 1-3 days, grapes and raising cause

Answer 6

Acute kidney failure, coma, death, tremors and seizures

Question 7

TP, MOA, and species grapes affect

Answer 7

• unknown tp and moa
• dogs

Question 8

Tp for marijuana

Answer 8

Thc

Question 9

Tx for marijuana

Answer 9

Supportive PRN, diazepam

Question 10

What part of lilies are nephrotoxic

Answer 10

All parts

Question 11

Spp for lilies

Answer 11

Cats

Question 12

Clinical signs of lilies

Answer 12

Vomit, anorexia, depression, anuria

Question 13

Dx for lilies

Answer 13

Elevated creatinine, BUN, P, K

Question 14

LILIES CAUSE

Answer 14

Acute tubular necrosis

Question 15

Tx for lilies

Answer 15

Detox ac

Question 16

Oak bud (acorn) TP

Answer 16

Tannins

Question 17

Oak bud/acorn poisoning in what spp

Answer 17

Cattle and sheep

Question 18

Clinical signs of acorn/oak bud tox

Answer 18

Onset 3-7 days, young leaves in spring and green in fall, git effects, renal toxicity, icterus in liver

Question 19

Tp of onions and garlic

Answer 19

N-propyl disulfide

Question 20

Toxic part of onions and garlic

Answer 20

Bulb

Question 21

MOA of onion and garlic

Answer 21

Denatures Hgb-> heinz bodies and acute hemolysis

Question 22

Susceptible spp. of onions and garlic

Answer 22

Cattle and dogs

Question 23

Clinical signs of onion and garlic

Answer 23

Acute hemolytic crisis, weakness, polypnea, icterus, hemoglobinuria, cyanosis

Question 24

Susceptible spp. to xylitol

Answer 24

K9s

Question 25

Moa of xylitol

Answer 25

Stimulator (strong) of insulin-> sever hypoglycemia -> acute liver failure and coagulopathies

Question 26

MOA of sago palm

Answer 26

Cycasin irritates GIT

Question 27

Clinical signs of sago palm

Answer 27

GOT, CNS, Neurotoxic, hepatotoxic signs; anorexia, ataxia, seizures, wt loss, paresis

Question 28

Tp of sago palm

Answer 28

Cycasin, bmaa

Question 29

Azaleas and rhododendrons

Answer 29

- tp: grayantoxin - moa: bind na channels in excitable membranes, interferes with/ skeletal and cardiac m and nerve funct - signs: salivation, lacrimation, vomiting, diarrhea, dyspnea, weakness, numbness, convulsions, coma, death

Question 30

Castor bean

Answer 30

- tp: ricin alkaloid - target: git and liver - signs: 24hr onset delay, emesis, diarrhea, nausea, colic, nephrotox.

Question 31

Daffodil

Answer 31

- tp: lyosin alkaloids - signs: vomiting, diarrhea, hypotension, weakness, deaths

Question 32

Autumn crocus

Answer 32

- tp: colchine - few seeds lethal - moa: colchine inhibits spindle formation during cell division - signs: burning mouth, neuropathies, cardiac arrhythmias, renal and liver failure - tx: colchine fab fragments

Question 33

Cyclamen

Answer 33

- spp: k9 and cats - tp: terpenoid saponins - clinical signs: salivation, vomiting, diarrhea, arrhythmias, seizures, death - tx: supportive prn

Question 34

Larkspur

Answer 34

- spp: k9, cats - neuromusc. Paralysis: constipation, colic, increased salivation, muscle tremors, stiffness, weakness, recumbency, convulsion - cardiac failure - respiratory paralysis

Question 35

Horse tail

Answer 35

- tx: thiaminases, silicates, aconitic acid (inhibit vitamin B1) - signs: unthriftiness, wt loss, emaciatation, coma, death - contracted via ingestion of of contaminated hay (>20%)

Question 36

Cocklebur

Answer 36

- tp: carboxyatractyloside - seeds and cotyledons are toxic - moa: inhibits ATP transport in mitochondria - signs: colic, liver tox, depression, convulsions

Question 37

Pigweed

Answer 37

- tp: oxalates and nitrates - spp: livestock (swine) - signs: weakness, trembling, incoordination. Kucking of pastern joint, hind limb paralysis and death - dx: azotemia, hyperkalemia, heart failure - perirenal eema & ascites

Question 38

Bracken fern

Answer 38

- all parts toxic - thiaminase -> inactivates vit B1 - enzootic hematuria in cattle and sheep

Question 39

Bracken staggers

Answer 39

- spp: all; HORSES ESP - tp: thiaminase - signs: anorexia, wt loss, incoordination, tachy., arrhythmia, convulsions, death - tx: remove, thiamine solution (inj and oral), abx, blood/platelets - prognosis: poor in cattle, good/guarded in cattle