Soluble Mediators In The Immune System

Question 1

Soluble component in the plasma.

Answer 1

Complement (C’)

Question 2

Complement is Heat-labile series of _______________, many of which are enzymes (___________).

Answer 2

18 plasma proteins
proteinases

Question 3

the most important function of the complement

Answer 3

make a hole on the surface of a cell and then result in the lysis of the particle or the cell

Question 4

Covalently bonded fragments of C3
and C4

Answer 4

Opsonization

Question 5

C5a, C3a, and C4a; anaphylatoxin leukocyte receptors

Answer 5

Chemotaxis and Leukocyte activation

Question 6

C5-C9 membrane attack complex

Answer 6

Lysis of bacterial and mammalian cells

Question 7

C3b and C4b bound to immune complexes and to antigen.

Answer 7

Augmentation of antibody

Question 8

C3 receptors on B cells and antigen-presenting cells

Answer 8

Responses

Question 9

C3b and C4b bound to immune complexes and to antigen; C3 receptors on follicular dendritic cells

Answer 9

Enhancement of immunologic memory

Question 10

C1q; covalently bonded fragments of C3 and C4

Answer 10

Clearance of immune complexes from tissues

Question 11

Major functions of the complement system

Answer 11

• Involved in opsonization
• Chemotaxis and leukocyte activation
• Lysis of bacterial and mammalian cells
• Augmentation of antibody
• Responses
• Enhancement of immunologic memory
• Clearance of immune complexes from tissues
• Clearance of apoptotic cells

Question 12

covering of any pathogens that it will be easily identified by the phagocytes

Answer 12

Opsonin

Question 13

The movement of the cells towards the chemotoxin or away from a chemotoxin, but usually it’s a positive chemotaxis.

Answer 13

Chemotaxis and leukocyte activation

Question 14

most important function of the complement system.

Answer 14

Lysis of bacterial and mammalian cells

Question 15

That’s why when we talk about complement, what should come first to our mind is: we

Answer 15

▪ lysis of bacterial cells
▪ lysis of mammalian cells

Question 16

3 Complement Pathways

Answer 16

Classical
Alternative
Mannose-binding lectin

Question 17

Pathway that has initiators like
Immune complexes
Apoptotic cells
Certain viruses and gram-negative bacteria
C-reactive protein bound to ligand

Answer 17

Classic Pathway

Question 18

Pathway with inhibitors like
Various bacteria, fungi, viruses or tumor cells

Answer 18

Alternate pathway

Question 19

Pathway with initiators like microbes with terminal mannose groups

Answer 19

Mannose-binding lectin pathway

Question 20

You will see the various steps that are common in the three pathways like:

Answer 20

o Binding of complement proteins to microbial cell
surface or antibody
o Formation of C3 Convertase
o Cleavage of the C3
o Covalent bonding of C3b to microbial formation of
the C5 convertase, which leads to the late steps of
complement activation.

Question 21

The first initiator of the classical pathway is

Answer 21

immune complexes

Question 22

Classical pathway starts with _____ and is made up of _____

Answer 22

C1
q r s

Question 23

▪ like a golf club
▪ The one that attaches itself to the
antibodies
▪ The heads are the one that binds or
attaches itself to the antibodies.

Answer 23

C1q

Question 24

C3 convertase of Classical pathway

Answer 24

C4b2a

Question 25

C5 convertase of classical pathway

Answer 25

C4b2a3b

Question 26

Alternative pathway starts with the activation of

Answer 26

C3

Question 27

In alternative pathway, what factor is activated/cleaved

Answer 27

Factor B activated by Factor D

Question 28

C3 convertase of alternative pathway

Answer 28

C3bBb

Question 29

C5 convertase of alternative pathway

Answer 29

C3bBb3b

Question 30

Activation of Of this pathway and classical pathway

Answer 30

Mannose-Binding-Lectin

Question 31

forms the membrane attack complex (MAC).
Lysis of cells

Answer 31

C5 to C9

Question 32

o used as opsonin.
Opsonization in phagocytosis

Answer 32

C3B and IC3B

Question 33

o used in Anaphylatoxins/inflammation and vascular responses.

Answer 33

C5A, C3A, C4A

Question 34

activates the polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs)

Answer 34

C5a

Question 35

function in immune complex removal and B-
lymphocyte activation.

Answer 35

C3b, iC3b and C3dg

Question 36

Deficiencies in the complement of one person leads to diseases.

Answer 36

Complement Deficiencies