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orgchem lab > Solubility Properties of Organic Compound > Flashcards

Solubility Properties of Organic Compound Flashcards

1
Q

maximum amount of solute that can be dissolved in a given amount of solvent at certain temperature

A

SOLUBILITY: PHYSICAL PROPERTY

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2
Q

The solubility of physical property can be expressed as ____________ at a specific temperature

A

g solute/100 mL

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3
Q

Solubility of Physical Property is affected by these factors except:

a. nature of solute and solvent
b. chemical properties
c. temperature
d. pH
e. pressure

A

b. Chemical Properties

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4
Q

TRUE OR FALSE:

A compound is soluble when 3 g of solute dissolves in 100 mL of solvent

A

TRUE

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5
Q

can be dissolved (used for solid solutes)

A

Soluble

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6
Q

can be dissolved (used for liquid solutes)

A

Miscible

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7
Q

TRUE OR FALSE:

Solution Process may be endothermic or exothermic

A

TRUE

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8
Q

heat was absorbed from the
surrounding (decrease in temperature)

A

Endothermic

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9
Q

heat was released to the surrounding
(increase in temperature)

A

Exothermic

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10
Q

TRUE OR FALSE:

NH4Cl in water is Endothermic
NaOH in water is Exothermic

A

TRUE

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11
Q

TRUE OR FALSE:

Solute-Solvent Interaction > Solute-solute interaction, solvent-solvent interaction

A

TRUE

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12
Q

SOLUTION FORMATION:
* Solvent-Solvent Interaction
* Energy Requiring

A

Energy Considerations (Enthalpy)

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13
Q

What is the requirement of Dissolution Process?

A

Compatible IMFA of solute and solvent

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14
Q

SOLUTION FORMATION:

As the randomness or degree of disorder increases in a system during a process, the higher the tendency for the process to occur spontaneously.

A

Degree of Disorder (Entropy)

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15
Q

DISSOLUTION PROCESS

macroscopic region in matter that is homogeneous in terms of physical properties and composition

A

Phase

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16
Q

violet color dispersed formation of a uniform mixture one phase observed

A

KMnO4 in H2O

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17
Q

FACTORS AFFECTING SOLUBILITY
Rule of Thumb: “Like dissolves like.”
- The stronger the attractive forces between unlike particles, the greater the solubility.

A

Nature of solute and solvent

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18
Q

FACTORS AFFECTING SOLUBILITY
TRUE OR FALSE:

Polar compounds dissolve in polar solvents. Nonpolar
or weakly polar compounds dissolve in nonpolar or
weakly polar solvents.

A

TRUE

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19
Q

FACTORS AFFECTING SOLUBILITY
TRUE OR FALSE:

polar – tetrachloride and hexane
nonpolar – water

A

FALSE; polar - water
nonpolar - tetrachloride and hexane

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20
Q

DISSOLUTION PROCESS
The factor in which a given substance reduces the electrostatic force between charged bodies separated by a vacuum

A

Dielectric Constant

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21
Q

TRUE OR FALSE:

  1. ion-dipole interaction - between ions and water molecules
  2. ion-dipole > h-bonding,
    dipole-dipole > LDF
  3. H2O has a low dielectric constant (polar)
A
  1. TRUE
  2. TRUE
  3. FALSE (water has a high dielectric cosntant (polar)
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22
Q

FACTORS AFFECTING SOLUBILITY
TRUE OR FALSE:

Solubility of gases in liquids increases with
increasing pressure.

A

TRUE

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23
Q

FACTORS AFFECTING SOLUBILITY
for liquid solutions where solute is a gas

A

Pressure

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24
Q

FACTORS AFFECTING SOLUBILITY
_____________ – increases the number of collisions of gas particles with the surface of the liquid.*

A

Increase in Pressure

25
Q

FACTORS AFFECTING SOLUBILITY
TRUE OR FALSE:

The quantity of dissolved gas increases, thus, the solubility of gases in liquids increases with increasing pressure.

26
Q

FACTORS AFFECTING SOLUBILITY
TRUE OR FALSE:

Solubility of gases in liquids decreases with increasing temperature.

27
Q

FACTORS AFFECTING SOLUBILITY
TRUE OR FALSE:

Solubility of solids in liquids may either increase or decrease depending on whether the solution process is endothermic or exothermic.
§ Endothermic - ↑T ↑solubility
§ Exothermic - ↑T ↓solubility

In general, the solubility of a solid increases with increasing temperature.

28
Q

All of the compounds are mainly water soluble EXCEPT 7 compounds:

a. Acetates (CH3COO–)
b. Nitrates, nitrites (NO3– NO2–)
c. Group 1 (Li+ Na+ K+ Rb+ Cs+)
d. Group 17 (Cl– Br – I–)
e. Pb2+
f. Ag+
g. Hg2
h. Ammonium (NH4+)
i. Sulfates (SO42–)
j. Hg22+
k. Ca2+
l. Ba2+
m. Sr2+
n. Chlorates, perchlorates (ClO3–, ClO4–)

A

e. Pb2+
f. Ag+
g. Hg2
j. Hg22+
k. Ca2+
l. Ba2+
m. Sr2+

29
Q

All of the compounds are mainly water soluble EXCEPT 3 compounds:

a. Carbonates (CO3 2–)
b. Group 1
c. NH4+
d. Chromates (CrO42–)
e. Hydroxides (OH–)
f. Ba2+
g. Phosphates (PO43–)
h. Sulfides (S2–)
i. Sulfites (SO32–)

A

b. Group 1
c. NH4+
f. Ba2+

30
Q

the first step in identification of functional group

A

Solubility Tests

31
Q

What are the solvents for solubility tests?

A
  • solubility in water
  • nonpolar organic solvent
  • 5% NaOH
  • 5% NaHCO3
  • 5% HCl
  • concentrated H2SO4.
32
Q

What is the measurement and procedure of solubility test for solid samples?

A
  • 0.1 g of solid sample
  • add 2 mL of solvent
  • tap the tube with finger
  • determine whether its soluble or insoluble
33
Q

What is the measurement and procedure of solubility test for liquid samples?

A
  • 4 drops of liquid sample
  • add 2 mL of solvent
  • tap the tube with finger
  • determine whether soluble or insoluble
34
Q

What will you do if the substance is water-soluble?

A
  • Perform diethyl ether test
  • Determine if it is soluble or insoluble
35
Q

What are the class S2 (insoluble) substances?

A
  • Salts of organic acids (RCO2Na, RSO3Na);
  • amine hydrochlorides (RNH3Cl);
  • amino acids,
  • polyfunctional compounds with hydrophilic functional groups.
36
Q

What will you do if the substance is ether-soluble?

A
  • test the pH of the solution using pH paper
  • test the pH of water (control)
  • acidic, basic, neutral
37
Q

What are the Class SA (soluble and acidic) substances?

A
  • Monofunctional carboxylic acids (≤5 C)
  • arylsulfonic acids.
38
Q

What are the Class SA (soluble and basic) substances?

A

Monofunctional amines (≤6 C)

39
Q

What are the Class S1 (soluble and neutral) substances?

A

Class S1 – Monofunctional alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, esters, nitriles, and amides (all≤5 C)

40
Q

What will you do if your substance is water-insoluble?

A
  • Perform 5% NaOH test
  • Determine if i is soluble or insoluble
41
Q

Class A1 – Strong organic acids: carboxylic acids (>6 C); phenols with electron-withdrawing groups in the ortho and/or para positions; β-diketones (1,3-diketones) are examples of:

A

Naoh soluble

42
Q

Alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, esters with one functional group and (>5C but <9C), ethers, epoxides, alkenes, alkyls, some aromatic compounds (especially those
with activating groups) are what kind of class?

A

Class N (96% h2so4 soluble)

42
Q

What will you do if your substance is NaOH-soluble?

A
  • Perform 5% NaHCO3 test
  • Determine if it is soluble or insoluble
43
Q

Class A2 – Weak organic acids: phenols, enols, oximes, imides, sulfonamides, thiophenols, (all>5 C) β- diketones (1,3-diketones); nitro compounds with α-hydrogens are example of:

A

NaOH insoluble

44
Q

What will you do if your substances are HCl-Insoluble?

A
  • perform concentrated H2SO4 test
  • determine if it is soluble or insoluble
45
Q

Saturated hydrocarbons, haloalkanes, aryl
halides, other deactivated aromatic compounds, diaryl ethers are what kind of class?

A

Class I (06% h2so4 insoluble)

45
Q

What are the measurement and procedure for Water Soluble Test?

A
  • 4 drops of liquid sample
  • add 2 mL of dH2O
  • tap the tube with finger
  • determine if it is soluble or insoluble
45
Q

What will you do if your substance is NaOH-insoluble?

A
  • perform 5% HCl test
  • determine if it is soluble or insoluble
46
Q

Aliphatic amines (all ≥ 8 C); anilines (only one
phenyl group attached to nitrogen); some ethers are what class?

A

Class B (HCl Soluble)

47
Q

Miscellaneous neutral compounds containing nitrogen or sulfur and having more than five carbon atoms are what kind of class?

A

Class MN (5% HCL insoluble)

47
Q

What are the measurement and procedure for Diethyl Ether Solubility Test?

A
  • 4 drops of liquid sample
  • add 2 mL of diethyl ether
  • tap the tube with finger
  • determine if it is soluble or insoluble
48
Q

What will you do if your sample is soluble in Diethyl Ether Solubility Test?

A
  • Perform pH paper test
  • Determine if acidic, basic, neutral
49
Q

What are the procedure and measurement for 5% Sodium Hydroxide Solubility Test?

A
  • 4 drops of liquid sample
  • add 2 mL of 5% Sodium Hydroxide
  • tap the tube with finger
  • determine if it is soluble or insoluble
50
Q

What are the procedure and measurement for 5% Sodium Bicarbonate Solubility Test?

A
  • 4 drops of liquid sample
  • add 2 mL of 5% Sodium Bicarbonate
  • tap the tube with finger
  • determine if it is soluble or insoluble
51
Q

What are the procedure and measurement for 5% Hydrochloric Acid Solubility Test?

A
  • 4 drops of liquid sample
  • add 2 mL of 5% HCl
  • tap the tube with finger
  • determine if it is soluble or insoluble
52
Q

What are the procedure and measurement for Concentrated Sulfuric Acid Solubility Test?

A
  • 4 drops of liquid sample
  • add 2 mL of concentrated H2SO4
  • tap the tube with finger
  • soluble or insoluble
53
Q

What are the samples that we will be using?

A
  • alanine
  • aniline
  • benzoic acid
  • methylamine

orgchem lab (9 decks)

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