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orgchem lab > Aldehydes, Ketones, and Carbohydrates > Flashcards

Aldehydes, Ketones, and Carbohydrates Flashcards

1
Q

Aldehydes and ketones are simple
compounds which contain a ________, - a carbon -oxygen double bond.

A

Carbonyl Group

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2
Q

the carbonyl group has a hydrogen
atom attached to it together with either:
* second hydrogen atom
* a hydrocarbon group which might be an alkyl group or one containing a benzene ring

A

Aldehydes

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3
Q

TRUE OR FALSE:
The C=O double bond consists of one sigma bond formed by the overlap of sp2 hybrid orbitals and
one pi bond formed by the overlap of parallel 2p orbitals.

A

TRUE

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3
Q

the carbonyl group has two
hydrocarbon groups attached.

A

Ketones

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4
Q

TRUE OR FALSE:

Aldehydes and ketones react
with nucleophiles

A

TRUE

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5
Q

TRUE OR FALSE:

As the number of R groups around the carbonyl carbon
increases, the reactivity of the carbonyl compound
decreases

A

TRUE

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6
Q

What is the reagent of Tollen’s Test?

A

Ammoniacal Silver Nitrate

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6
Q

What is the positive result for Tollen’s Test?

A
  • formation of elemental silver,
  • accumulated onto the inner surface of the reaction
    vessel,
  • producing silver mirror on the inner surface of
    the vessel
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7
Q

Test for aldehydes

A

Tollen’s test

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8
Q

test for aldehydes and ketones

A

Reaction with 2,4-DNP

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9
Q

What is the reagent of Reaction with 2,4-DNP?

A

2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine

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10
Q

What is the positive result of Reaction with 2,4 - DNP?

A

formation of an orange or yellow oil
or precipitate

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11
Q

Another test for aldehydes and Ketones with a reagent of I2/NaOH

A

Iodoform Test

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12
Q

What is the positive result for Iodoform Test?

A
  • formation of a pale yellow precipitate
  • suspension of iodoform and a distinct smell
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13
Q

polyhydroxy aldehydes or ketones or substances that hydrolyze to yield polyhydroxy aldehydes and ketone

A

Carbohydrates

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14
Q

What is the formula for Carbohydrates?

A

Cn(H2O)m

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15
Q

TYPES OF CARBOHYDRATES:

  • consist of 3-7 C atoms
  • classified as either aldoses or ketoses
A

Monosaccharides (Simple Sugars)

15
Q

What are the classes of Carbohydrates?

A
  • Monosaccharides
  • Disaccharides
  • Polysaccharides
16
Q

TRUE OR FALSE:

Disaccharides can be classified as reducing or non-reducing disaccharides

17
Q

TYPES OF CARBOHYDRATES:
two monosaccharide units linked by a glycosidic bond

A

Disaccharides

18
Q

Test for reducing sugars

A

Benedict’s Test

19
Q

What is the positive result for Benedict’s Test?

A
  • formation of yellow,
  • yellow-green,
  • orange or brick-red precipitate
20
Q

What is the reagent for Benedict’s Test?

A

Benedict’s Reagent

21
Q

What are the samples that we will be using for the experiment?

A
  • Ethanal
  • Propanone
  • Glucose
  • Sucrose
22
Q

What are the measurements that we will be using for Tollen’s Test?

A
  • 1 mL Tollen’s Reagent
  • 2 mL of sample
23
Q

1.

What are the measurements that we will be using for Reaction with 2,4,-DNP?

A
  • 1 mL of 95% EtOH
  • 2 drops of sample
  • 0.5 mL 2,4 - DNP
24
Q

What are the measurements that we will be using for Iodoform Test?

A
  • 0.5 mL of sample
  • 1 mL dH2O
  • 0.5 mL I2/Kl Solution
  • 10% NaOH dropwise until color disappears
24
Q

What you will do after dropping the measurements on the test tube (Reaction with 2,4-DNP)

A
  • Let stand for 5 minutes
  • Shake
25
Q

What are the measurements that we will be using for Benedict’s Test?

A
  • 2.5mL Benedict’s Reagent
  • 5 drops of sample
26
Q

What you will do after dropping the measurements on the test tube (Benedict’s Test)

A

Heat in Boiling Water Bath for 10 minutes

27
Q

TRUE OR FALSE:

Dispose of all other aqueous solution in the container
designated for aqueous waste. Any remaining organic
compounds must be disposed of in the appropriate organic waste container.

28
Q

TRUE OR FALSE:
Many derivatives of phenylhydrazine are suspected carcinogens and should be handled
with care. Avoid contact. Solutions containing 2,4-DNP
or derivatives formed from it should be placed in a waste container designated for these compounds.

29
Q

TRUE OR FALSE:

Dispose of any residues by acidifying them with 5% HCl and then placing them in a waste container designated for this purpose. On standing the reagent tends to form silver fulminate, a very explosive substance. Solutions containing the mixed Tollens’ reagent should never be stored.

30
Q

Consist of ten to thousands of monosaccharide units

A

Polysaccharides

31
Q

What are the examples of Polysaccharides?

A
  • Cellulose
  • Chitin
  • Amylose
  • Amylopectin
32
Q

What are the examples of Disaccharides?

A
  • Sucrose
  • Glucose
33
Q

What are the examples of Monosaccharides?

A
  • Aldoses
  • Ketoses
34
Q

Give me the following order of increasing reactivity of Aldehydes and Ketones

A
  • Carbonyl Group
  • Aldehyde
  • Ketone
35
Q

What are the example of Aldehydes?

A
  • Methanal
  • Ethanal
  • Propanal
  • 2-methylbutanal

orgchem lab (9 decks)

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