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CHM140L MODULE 2 > Solubility of Organic Compounds > Flashcards

Solubility of Organic Compounds Flashcards

1
Q

The _______ of a compound depends on the type of bonds present in the molecule

A

chemical behavior

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2
Q

Compounds are grouped according to their _______.

A

functional groups

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3
Q

_______________ test for the different functional groups have been developed to be carried out easily and quickly

A

Standard chemical tests

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4
Q

The positive signs to look for include the ff:

A
  1. change in color
  2. evolution of gas
  3. development of odor
  4. formation of precipitate
  5. changes in color of litmus paper
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5
Q

Solvent-Solvent Interaction + Solute-Solute Interaction < Solute-Solvent Interaction (Energy - releasing)

A

Energy Considerations (Enthalpy)

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6
Q

Maximum amount of solute that can be dissolved in a given amount of solvent at certain temperature

A

Solubility

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7
Q

It is affected by nature of solute and solvent, temperature, pH, and pressure.

A

Solubility

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8
Q

Can be dissolved (used for solid solutes)

A

Soluble

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9
Q

Can be dissolved (used for liquid solutes)

A

Miscible

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10
Q

heat was absorbed from the surrounding (decrease in temperature)

A

Endothermic

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11
Q

heat was released to the surrounding (increase in temperature)

A

Exothermic

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12
Q

As the randomness or degree of disorder increases in a system during a process, the higher the tendency for the process to occur spontaneously.

A

Degree of Disorder (Entropy)

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13
Q

macroscopic region in matter that is homogeneous in terms of physical properties and composition

A

Phase in Dissolution Process

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14
Q

violet color dispersed formation of a uniform mixture one phase observed

A

KMnO4 in H2O of Dissolution Process

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15
Q

In the solubility of organic compounds, polar compounds dissolve in polar solvents. While, nonpolar or weakly polar compounds dissolve in nonpolar or weakly polar solvents.

True or False

A

True (due to the Rule of thumb: “Like dissolves like”

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16
Q

In the solubility of organic compounds, most ionic compounds are soluble in water but insoluble in organic solvent

True or False

A

True

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17
Q

In the solubility of organic compounds, for an organic compound with one functional group, a compound is water soluble only if it has <5 C atoms and contains O or N atoms.

True or False

A

True

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18
Q

In the solubility of organic compounds, organic compounds are soluble in organic solvents regardless.

True or False

A

True

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19
Q

The factor in which a given substance reduces the electrostatic force between charged bodies separated by a vacuum.

A

Dielectric constant

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20
Q
  • Solubility of gases in liquids increases with increasing pressure.
  • Increase in pressure – increases the number of collisions of gas particles with the surface of the liquid.
  • The quantity of dissolved gas increases, thus, the solubility of gases in liquids increases with increasing pressure.
A

Pressure (for liquid solutions where solute is a gas)

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21
Q
  • Solubility of gases in liquids decreases with increasing temperature.
  • Solubility of solids in liquids may either increase or decrease depending on whether the solution process is endothermic or exothermic.
    • Endothermic - ↑T ↑solubility
    • Exothermic - ↑T ↓solubility
  • In general, the solubility of a solid increases with increasing temperature.
A

Temperature

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22
Q

Acetic is ______ in water and _______ ether.

A

Soluble and soluble

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23
Q

Benzoic acid is ______- in water and ___________ in ether

A

insoluble and soluble

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24
Q

Sodium benzoate is _______ in water and _________ in ether

A

soluble and insoluble

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25
Cyclohexanol is _________ in water and ___________ in ether
insoluble and soluble
26
Glucose is _________ in water and ___________ in ether
soluble and insoluble
27
Cellulose is _________ in water and ___________ in ether
insoluble and insoluble
28
More hydrophilic portion, higher solubility in polar solvent True or False
True
29
More hydrophobic portions, higher solubility in organic solvent True or False
True
30
Higher degree of branching, weak IMFA of solute, high solubility in solvent True or False
True
31
High Temperature, High kinetic energy interaction between solute and solvent particles has high solubility or low solubility?
high solubility
32
In pH as a solubility factor (Neutralization), Amines act as bases with a variety of organic and inorganic acids True or False
True
33
Equilibrium favors the product of an acid-base reaction when the weaker acid and base are formed
True or False
34
Aniline acid or base
base
35
diethylamine acid or base
base
36
naphthalene acid or base or neutral
neutral
37
benzoic acid acid or base
acid
38
phenol acid or base
acid
39
toluene acid or base or neutral
neutral
40
Alkylamines are more basic than NH3 True or False
True
41
Higher pka more basic is the substance True or False
True
42
The sample is soluble in water but insoluble in ether. What is the solubility class?
Class S2
43
The sample is soluble in water and ether. The litmus paper turns red. What is the solubility class?
Class Sa
44
The sample is soluble in water and ether. The litmus paper turns blue. What is the solubility class?
Class Sb
45
The sample is soluble in water and ether. The litmus paper remains red and blue. What is the solubility class?
Class S1
46
The sample is insoluble in water but soluble in 5%NaOH and 5% NaHCO3. What is the solubility class?
Class A1
47
The sample is insoluble in water but soluble in 5%NaOH. While insoluble in 5% NaHCO3. What is the solubility class?
Class A2
48
The sample is insoluble in water and in 5%NaOH but soluble in 5% HCl. What is the solubility class?
Class B
49
The sample is insoluble in water, in 5%NaOH and in 5% HCl but soluble in 96% H2SO4. What is the solubility class?
Class N
50
The sample is insoluble in water, in 5%NaOH, in 5% HCl and in 96% H2SO4. What is the solubility class?
Class I
51
If aqueous solution is neutral - low molecular weight (monofunctional) Monofunctional alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, esters, nitriles, and amides. What solubility class is this?
Class S1
52
- If aqueous solution acidic to litmus - low molecular weight (≤5 C; monofunctional) carboxylic acids or arylsulfonic acids. - Monofunctional carboxylic acids (≤5 C) ; arylsulfonic acids. What solubility class is this?
Class Sa
53
- If aqueous solution basic to litmus - low molecular weight (≤5 C; monofunctional) amines. What solubility class is this?
Class Sb
54
Salts of organic acids (RCO 2Na, RSO 3Na); amine hydrochlorides (RNH3Cl); amino acids, polyfunctional compounds with hydrophilic functional groups. What solubility class is this?
Class S2
55
Strong organic acids: carboxylic acids (>6 C); phenols with electron-withdrawing groups in the ortho and/or para positions; β-diketones (1,3-diketones). What solubility class is this?
Class A1
56
Weak organic acids: phenols, enols, oximes, imides, sulfonamides, thiophenols, (all>5 C) β- diketones (1,3-diketones); nitro compounds with α-hydrogens. What solubility class is this?
Class A2
57
Aliphatic amines (all ≥ 8 C); anilines (only one phenyl group attached to nitrogen); some ethers. What solubility class is this?
Class B
58
Alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, esters with onefunctional group and (>5C but <9C), ethers, epoxides, alkenes, alkyls, some aromatic compounds (especially those with activating groups). What solubility class is this?
Class N
59
Saturated hydrocarbons, haloalkanes, aryl halides, other deactivated aromatic compounds, diaryl ethers. What solubility class is this?
Class I
60
Miscellaneous neutral compounds containing nitrogen or sulfur and having more than five carbon atoms. What solubility class is this?
Class MN

CHM140L MODULE 2 (5 decks)

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