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CHM140L MODULE 2 > Solubility of Organic Compounds > Flashcards

Solubility of Organic Compounds Flashcards

1
Q

The _______ of a compound depends on the type of bonds present in the molecule

A

chemical behavior

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2
Q

Compounds are grouped according to their _______.

A

functional groups

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3
Q

_______________ test for the different functional groups have been developed to be carried out easily and quickly

A

Standard chemical tests

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4
Q

The positive signs to look for include the ff:

A
  1. change in color
  2. evolution of gas
  3. development of odor
  4. formation of precipitate
  5. changes in color of litmus paper
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5
Q

Solvent-Solvent Interaction + Solute-Solute Interaction < Solute-Solvent Interaction (Energy - releasing)

A

Energy Considerations (Enthalpy)

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6
Q

Maximum amount of solute that can be dissolved in a given amount of solvent at certain temperature

A

Solubility

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7
Q

It is affected by nature of solute and solvent, temperature, pH, and pressure.

A

Solubility

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8
Q

Can be dissolved (used for solid solutes)

A

Soluble

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9
Q

Can be dissolved (used for liquid solutes)

A

Miscible

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10
Q

heat was absorbed from the surrounding (decrease in temperature)

A

Endothermic

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11
Q

heat was released to the surrounding (increase in temperature)

A

Exothermic

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12
Q

As the randomness or degree of disorder increases in a system during a process, the higher the tendency for the process to occur spontaneously.

A

Degree of Disorder (Entropy)

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13
Q

macroscopic region in matter that is homogeneous in terms of physical properties and composition

A

Phase in Dissolution Process

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14
Q

violet color dispersed formation of a uniform mixture one phase observed

A

KMnO4 in H2O of Dissolution Process

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15
Q

In the solubility of organic compounds, polar compounds dissolve in polar solvents. While, nonpolar or weakly polar compounds dissolve in nonpolar or weakly polar solvents.

True or False

A

True (due to the Rule of thumb: “Like dissolves like”

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16
Q

In the solubility of organic compounds, most ionic compounds are soluble in water but insoluble in organic solvent

True or False

A

True

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17
Q

In the solubility of organic compounds, for an organic compound with one functional group, a compound is water soluble only if it has <5 C atoms and contains O or N atoms.

True or False

A

True

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18
Q

In the solubility of organic compounds, organic compounds are soluble in organic solvents regardless.

True or False

A

True

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19
Q

The factor in which a given substance reduces the electrostatic force between charged bodies separated by a vacuum.

A

Dielectric constant

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20
Q
  • Solubility of gases in liquids increases with increasing pressure.
  • Increase in pressure – increases the number of collisions of gas particles with the surface of the liquid.
  • The quantity of dissolved gas increases, thus, the solubility of gases in liquids increases with increasing pressure.
A

Pressure (for liquid solutions where solute is a gas)

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21
Q
  • Solubility of gases in liquids decreases with increasing temperature.
  • Solubility of solids in liquids may either increase or decrease depending on whether the solution process is endothermic or exothermic.
    • Endothermic - ↑T ↑solubility
    • Exothermic - ↑T ↓solubility
  • In general, the solubility of a solid increases with increasing temperature.
A

Temperature

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22
Q

Acetic is ______ in water and _______ ether.

A

Soluble and soluble

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23
Q

Benzoic acid is ______- in water and ___________ in ether

A

insoluble and soluble

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24
Q

Sodium benzoate is _______ in water and _________ in ether

A

soluble and insoluble

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25
Q

Cyclohexanol is _________ in water and ___________ in ether

A

insoluble and soluble

26
Q

Glucose is _________ in water and ___________ in ether

A

soluble and insoluble

27
Q

Cellulose is _________ in water and ___________ in ether

A

insoluble and insoluble

28
Q

More hydrophilic portion, higher solubility in polar solvent

True or False

A

True

29
Q

More hydrophobic portions, higher solubility in organic solvent

True or False

A

True

30
Q

Higher degree of branching, weak IMFA of solute, high solubility in solvent

True or False

A

True

31
Q

High Temperature, High kinetic energy interaction between solute and solvent particles has
high solubility or low solubility?

A

high solubility

32
Q

In pH as a solubility factor (Neutralization), Amines act as bases with a variety of organic and inorganic acids

True or False

A

True

33
Q

Equilibrium favors the product of an acid-base reaction when the weaker acid and base are formed

A

True or False

34
Q

Aniline
acid or base

A

base

35
Q

diethylamine
acid or base

A

base

36
Q

naphthalene

acid or base or neutral

A

neutral

37
Q

benzoic acid

acid or base

A

acid

38
Q

phenol

acid or base

A

acid

39
Q

toluene
acid or base or neutral

A

neutral

40
Q

Alkylamines are more basic than NH3

True or False

A

True

41
Q

Higher pka more basic is the substance

True or False

A

True

42
Q

The sample is soluble in water but insoluble in ether. What is the solubility class?

A

Class S2

43
Q

The sample is soluble in water and ether. The litmus paper turns red. What is the solubility class?

A

Class Sa

44
Q

The sample is soluble in water and ether. The litmus paper turns blue. What is the solubility class?

A

Class Sb

45
Q

The sample is soluble in water and ether. The litmus paper remains red and blue. What is the solubility class?

A

Class S1

46
Q

The sample is insoluble in water but soluble in 5%NaOH and 5% NaHCO3. What is the solubility class?

A

Class A1

47
Q

The sample is insoluble in water but soluble in 5%NaOH. While insoluble in 5% NaHCO3. What is the solubility class?

A

Class A2

48
Q

The sample is insoluble in water and in 5%NaOH but soluble in 5% HCl. What is the solubility class?

A

Class B

49
Q

The sample is insoluble in water, in 5%NaOH and in 5% HCl but soluble in 96% H2SO4. What is the solubility class?

A

Class N

50
Q

The sample is insoluble in water, in 5%NaOH, in 5% HCl and in 96% H2SO4. What is the solubility class?

A

Class I

51
Q

If aqueous solution is neutral - low molecular weight (monofunctional) Monofunctional alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, esters, nitriles, and amides.

What solubility class is this?

A

Class S1

52
Q
  • If aqueous solution acidic to litmus - low molecular weight (≤5 C; monofunctional) carboxylic acids or arylsulfonic acids.
  • Monofunctional carboxylic acids (≤5 C) ; arylsulfonic acids.

What solubility class is this?

A

Class Sa

53
Q
  • If aqueous solution basic to litmus - low molecular weight (≤5 C; monofunctional) amines.

What solubility class is this?

A

Class Sb

54
Q

Salts of organic acids (RCO 2Na, RSO 3Na); amine hydrochlorides (RNH3Cl); amino acids, polyfunctional compounds with hydrophilic functional groups.

What solubility class is this?

A

Class S2

55
Q

Strong organic acids: carboxylic acids (>6 C); phenols with electron-withdrawing groups in the ortho and/or para positions; β-diketones (1,3-diketones).

What solubility class is this?

A

Class A1

56
Q

Weak organic acids: phenols, enols, oximes, imides, sulfonamides, thiophenols, (all>5 C) β- diketones (1,3-diketones); nitro compounds with α-hydrogens.

What solubility class is this?

A

Class A2

57
Q

Aliphatic amines (all ≥ 8 C); anilines (only one phenyl group attached to nitrogen); some ethers.

What solubility class is this?

A

Class B

58
Q

Alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, esters with onefunctional group and (>5C but <9C), ethers, epoxides, alkenes, alkyls, some aromatic compounds (especially those with activating groups).

What solubility class is this?

A

Class N

59
Q

Saturated hydrocarbons, haloalkanes, aryl halides, other deactivated aromatic compounds, diaryl ethers.

What solubility class is this?

A

Class I

60
Q

Miscellaneous neutral compounds containing nitrogen or sulfur and having more than five carbon atoms.

What solubility class is this?

A

Class MN

CHM140L MODULE 2 (5 decks)

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