Alcohols and Phenols Flashcards
Oxygen containing compounds such as alcohols, phenols and ethers are known as organic derivatives of
Water
It contain a hydroxy group (OH) bonded to an sp 3 hybridized carbon
Alcohols
They are classified according to the number of alkyl groups attached to carbon bearing the OH.
Alcohols
Classification of Alcohols
Primary Alcohols (1 - R group)
Secondary Alcohols (2 - R groups)
Tertiary Alcohols (3 - R groups)
In ______, the hydroxyl group is directly bonded to an aromatic system.
Phenols
Lucas Test Reagent
Lucas Reagent (ZnCl2 + HCl)
This is a solution of anhydrous zinc chloride in concentrated hydrochloric acid
Lucas Reagent
Test for alcohols with six or fewer
carbons
Lucas Test
Positive result of Lucas Test
formation of an insoluble layer, cloudiness, color change (red or orange) or an emulsion.
In the Lucas Test, the classification of alcohols immediately gives a positive result.
Tertiary Alcohol
In the Lucas Test, the classification of alcohols react slower than the tertiary alcohols.
Secondary alcohols
This produces no identifiable cloudiness in Lucas test
Primary Alcohols
This is a test for phenols and alcohols
Acetyl Chloride Tests
It is the mixture in Lucas Reagent
HCL-ZnCl2 mixture
Use to differentiate primary, secondary, and tertiary alcohol based on the difference in reactivity of the alcohol toward hydrogen halides
Lucas Test
The Alkyl Chloride formed are soluble
True or False
False (it is insoluble)
In the Lucas Test, the appearance of cloudiness indicates the formation of an alkyl chloride from the alcohol.
True or False
True
Tertiary alcohols (low MW and water-soluble) react rapidly with HCL for a few minutes at room temperature, resulting in the conversion of the alcohol into a ________.
chloroalkane
Low MW, water-soluble Primary and Tertiary alcohols are unreactive under these conditions.
True or false
True
Result of 1-butanol in Lucas Test
Negative
Result of 2-butanol in Lucas Test
Positive (reaction after several minutes)
Result of tert-butanol in Lucas Test
Positive (fast reaction)
Lucas Test applies only to those alcohols soluble in the reagent
True or False
True
Positive Result: Evolution of heat and gas or a precipitate (production of hydrogen chloride gas)
Acetyl Chloride Test
It has a limitation of when moisture is present in the unknown the result will give a positive test.
Acetyl Chloride Test
Acetyl Chloride Test reagent
acetyl chloride
It produces the corresponding carboxylic acid together with steamy acidic fumes of hydrogen chloride.
Acetyl Chloride test
The reaction of this test is usually extremely vigorous at room temperature.
Acetyl Chloride test
Alcohols react with acetyl chloride to form _____ and gives out _______.
esters and hydrogen chloride gas
The hydrogen chloride formed gives ________ of ammonium chloride with ammonium hydroxide.
white fumes
The reaction between phenol and ethanoyl chloride isn’t quite as vigorous as that between alcohols and ethanoyl chloride. The reactivity of the -OH group is modified by the benzene ring.
True or False
True
A Ferric Chloride Test is used to identify phenols
True or False
True
Reagent of Ferric Test
Ferric Chloride or FeCl3
Positive Result: Formation of colored complex (usually blue, green, reddish-brown, red or purple)
Ferric chloride Test
Ferric chloride test is also known as
Iron (III) Chloride Test
1-butanol reaction in Ferric test
Negative (because it is an alcohol)
Phenol reaction in Ferric Chloride Test
Positive
Bromine in Water Test reagent
Br2/H2O
Positive Result: disappearance of the orange color
Bromine in Water Test
Bromine in water test is used to identify phenols in a compound
True or False
True
Tandem test in classifying alcohol (except for Lucas Test)
Ritter Test / KMnO4
Positive test: disappearance of violet color in cold concentrated sulfuric acid and Brown Precipitate
Ritter test
In Tandem Test what classification of alcohols has a positive results
Primary and Secondary Alcohol
It is soluble in aqueous NaOH but not in aqueous NaHCO3
PHENOLS
It forms colored complex with FeCl3 (green, blue, violet, red)
Phenols
In oxidation of phenols KMnO4 and H2CrO4 will results in
KMnO4 - black ppt (precipitate)
H2CrO4 - opaque green
Phenols in Bromine in water test will result in ________.
white ppt. of 2,4,6 - tribromophenol
