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CHM140L MODULE 2 > Aldehydes, Ketone, and Carbohydrates > Flashcards

Aldehydes, Ketone, and Carbohydrates Flashcards

1
Q

ketones and aldehydes with fewer than five carbon atoms are soluble in water and form neutral solutions (pH = 7)
True or False

A

True

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2
Q

Aldehydes and ketones with 5<C<9 are soluble in water, 5% NaOH and 5% HCL but soluble in concentrated H2SO4 (Class N)
True or False

A

False (They are insoluble in water)

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3
Q

2,4 - DNP Test are test for aldehydes and ketones
True ore False

A

True

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4
Q

2,4 - DNp Test reagent

A

2,4 - dinitrophenylhydrazine

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5
Q

Positive Result: Formation of yellow or orange-red precipitate

A

2,4 - DNp Test reagent

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6
Q

General test for the presence of the carbon-oxygen double bond.

A

2,4 - DNp Test reagent

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7
Q

Formation of an orange or yellow precipitate from a carbon-oxygen double bond in an aldehyde or ketone

A

2,4 - DNp Test reagent

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8
Q

It help to identify the specific aldehyde or ketone (recrystallization, purification, and MP determination)

A

2,4 - DNp Test reagent

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9
Q

Complications: some ketones give oils which will not solidify, some allylic alcohols are oxidized by the reagent to aldehydes and ketones and give positive results; some not pure alcohols may contain aldehyde or ketone impurities.

A

2,4 - DNp Test reagent

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10
Q

A C-H bond on the a-carbon to a carbonyl group is more acidic than many other C-H bonds, because reaction with base forms a resonance - stabilized enolate anion.

A

Haloform Reaction

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11
Q

Enolates are ________, and so they react with _______ to form new bonds on the a-carbon.

A

nucleophiles and electrophiles

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12
Q

Halogenation of methyl ketones in base to form ______. (Haloform Reaction)

A

iodoform (HCl3)

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13
Q

In the haloform reaction, the reaction occurs with methyl ketones and results in cleavage of a carbon-carbon σ bond.
True or False

A

True

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14
Q

Iodoform Test for Methyl Ketone is test for acetaldehyde and methyl ketones
True or False

A

True

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15
Q

Positive result: formation of a yellow precipitate or suspension of iodoform and a distinct smell

A

Iodoform Test for Methyl Ketone

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16
Q

Complication: The reaction also gives a positive result with secondary alcohols of the type RCH(OH)CH3 because they are oxidized under the reaction conditions to methyl ketones.

A

Iodoform Test for Methyl Ketone

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17
Q

Oxidation - Aldehydes are readily oxidized to carboxylic acids whereas ketones cannot be readily oxidized (under acidic conditions) True or False

A

True

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18
Q

This difference (oxidation) forms the basis of the tests for distinguishing aldehydes and ketones
True or False

A

True

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19
Q

Under alkaline condition, a ______ is formed instead

A

salt

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20
Q

Tollen’s Test is test for aldehydes
True or False

A

True

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21
Q

reagent: Ammoniacal silver nitrate

A

Tollen’s Test

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22
Q

Positive Test: formation of elemental silver, accumulated onto the inner surface of the reaction vessel, producing a silver mirror in the inner surface of the vessel

A

Tollen’s Test

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23
Q

Complications: The tube must be clean and oil-free if a silver mirror is to be observed.

A

Tollen’s Test

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24
Q

In Tollen’s Test, Aromatic amine and some phenols are easily oxidized which give a positive results
True or False

A

False (it gives a false positive result)

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25
Q

Fehling’s Test is a test for ketones
True or False

A

False (it is a test for aldehydes)

26
Q

Reagent: Fehling’s solution A (CuSO4) and Fehling’s solution B (sodium potassium tartrate or Rochelle salt and strong alkali - NaOH)

A

Fehling’s Test

27
Q

Positive results: formation of red precipitate (cuprous oxide)

A

Fehling’s Test

28
Q

Purpald Test reacts with aldehydes to form a cyclic derivatives
True or False

A

True

29
Q

Reagent: 4-amino-5-mercapto-1,2,4-triazole (heterocyclic compounds)

A

Purpald Test

30
Q

In Purpald Test, the cyclic derivative is then _________ by exposure to air and forms an intensely colored (usually purple) product.

A

oxidized

31
Q

Jones Test is a test for ketones

A

False (test for aldehydes)

32
Q

Reagent: Cr)3/H2SO4

A

Jones Test

33
Q

Positive Results: disappearance of orange color (Jone’s reagent) and appearance of greenish precipitate

A

Jones Test

34
Q

In Jones Test, ________ are rapidly oxidized to carboxylic acids

A

Aldehydes

35
Q

Complication: The color usually develops in 5-15 seconds

A

Jones Test

36
Q

Schiff’s Test is a test for aldehydes
True or False

A

True

37
Q

reagent: Schiff’s reagent

A

Schiff’s Test

38
Q

Positive results: appearance of pink or magenta color

A

Schiff’s Test

39
Q

m-dinitrobenzene Test is a test for ketones
True or False

A

True

40
Q

Reagent: m-dinitrobenzene

A

m-dinitrobenzene Test

41
Q

Positive results: appearance of violet color

A

m-dinitrobenzene Test

42
Q

Rothera’s Test is a test for aldehydes
True or False

A

False ( for ketones)

43
Q

Reagent: sodium nitroprusside in alkaline medium

A

Rothera’s Test

44
Q

Positive results: appearance of red color complex

A

Rothera’s Test

45
Q

It is the polyhydroxy aldehydes or ketones or substances that hydrolyze to yield polyhydroxy aldehydes and ketones

A

Carbohydrates

46
Q

Aldehydes and ketones are simple
compounds which contain a
_________ - a carbon-oxygen
double bond.

A

carbonyl group

47
Q

The carbonyl group has a hydrogen
atom attached to it together with
either:
- a second hydrogen atom or
- a hydrocarbon group which
might be an alkyl group or one
containing a benzene ring.

A

Aldehydes

48
Q

The carbonyl group has two
hydrocarbon groups attached.

A

Ketones

49
Q

reagent: I2/NaOH

A

Iodoform Test for Methyl Ketone

50
Q

consist of 3-7 C atoms. classified as either aldoses or ketoses
ketoses

A

Monosaccharides (Simple Sugars)

51
Q

two monosaccharide units linked by a glycosidic bond. Classified as reducing or non-reducing disaccharides

A

Disaccharides

52
Q

consist of ten to thousands of monosaccharide units

A

Polysaccharides

53
Q

Benedict’s Test is a test for reducing sugars
True or False

A

True

54
Q

positive result: formation of yellow, yellow-green, orange or brick-red precipitate

A

Benedict’s Test

55
Q

Reagent: Benedict’s Reagent

A

Benedict’s Test

56
Q

Reduction test for carbohydrates

A

Benedict’s Test

57
Q

The free aldehyde or keto group in the reducing sugars reduce cupric hydroxide in alkaline medium to red colored cuprous oxide.
True or False

A

True

58
Q

Depending on the _______ of ________, yellow to green color is developed

A

concentration of sugars

59
Q

All _________ are reducing sugars as they all have a free reactive carbonyl group.

A

monosaccharides

60
Q

Some disaccharides, i.e. reducing disaccharides, have exposed carbonyl groups but less reactive than monosaccharides
True or False

A

True

CHM140L MODULE 2 (2 decks)

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