solubility equilbrium

Question 1

dissociation

Answer 1

ionic solutions dissociate into the ions they contain when dissolved in water. ions in solution (aqueous) forms.

Question 2

precipitation

Answer 2

ions free in solution collide with one another causing them reform the solid compound they were. solid form.

Question 3

what is solubility equilibrium

Answer 3

the rate at which ions dissolve is equal to the rate at which ions precipitate.

Question 4

describe solubility curves

Answer 4

the line represents at what point the solution is saturated, shows how much solute can dissolve in water at a certain temp

below the line the solution is unsaturated, more solute can be added

above the solution is supersaturated, more then usual amount of solute, precipitate forms

Question 5

traits of solubility equilibrium

Answer 5

-at equilibrium solution is saturated
-concentration of ions remains constant
-covalently bonded compounds do not dissociate, but dissolve into aqueous molecules

Question 6

what happens to most subastances as temp increase

Answer 6

solubility increases

Question 7

define the following
1. solute
2. precipitate
3.saturated solution
4. dissociation
5. unsaturated solution

Answer 7

1. the minor component i solution
2. ions in solution combine to form solid
3. the rate of dissolving is equal to rate of precipitation
4. compounds separate into positive and negative ions
5. the rate of dissolving is greater then rate of precipitation

Question 8

explain Ksp

Answer 8

-measure of solubility of an ionic salt
-s= solubility product
- only if solution is saturated
-only saturated salt solutions are in equilibrium
- larger the Ksp, the greater the solubility
-

Question 9

what are spectator ions

Answer 9

ions that are present in reaction but do not participate

Question 10

explain double displacement precipitation reactions

Answer 10

-sometimes when 2 aqueous solutions are mixed, a solid or precipitate is produced. the solid is said to have low solubility and this reaction is called a precipitation reaction
- a double displacement reaction is classified as a precipitation reaction when the reaction occurs in aqueous solution and one of the products formed is insoluble

Question 11

what is the Trial Ion Product used for

Answer 11

it is used to determine if there is enough ions present in solution to establish equilibrium and form a precipitate

Q< Ksp not enough ions to form precipitate
Q> Ksp excess of ions, precipitate will form
Q=Ksp enough ions to form a saturated solution but not enough for precipitate

Question 12

explain effects of common ion in solubility

Answer 12

an example of le Chateliers, the common ion effect states that equilibrium in solution can be shifted by dissolving any compound that contains ions already present, or any compound that reacts with one of the ions present in solution

Question 13

what is selective precipitation

Answer 13

separation of ions in an aqueous solution by using a reagent that forms a precipitate with one or a few of the ions
-ions can be seperated from eachother bsed on their solubility