Solubility Flashcards
Suspension
Less soluble, must keep mixing them, largest particles.
Solution
Most soluble, stay mixed, smallest particles
Colloid
Particles not small or large, don’t separate until long time. Milk
Tyndall effect
Shine light through mixture and light scatters
Colloid positive
Heterogenous
Can see parts of the mixture
Different composition
Homogenous
Same appearance and composition
NonElectrolytes
A substance when dissolved that doesnt conduct electricity
Sugar water
Electrolyte
A substance when dissolved, conducts electricity
How does dissolving occur
The solvent attracts individual particles of solute, pulls them apart and surrounds them.
Like dissolves like
Polar dissolved polar
Nonpolar dissolves nonpolar
Solute
Is dissolved, lesser amount
Solvent
Dissolving medium in a solution, does the dissolving, greater amount
Unsaturated solution
Could still dissolve more solute
Saturated solution
Contains as much solute as possible
Supersaturated solution
As temp increases a given solvent will hold a larger amount of solute
Solubility
The ability of a solute to dissolve in a solvent.
As temp increases solubility increases
Quantitative
Ex of solute
Salt
Acetic acid
Oxygen
Ex of solvent
Seawater
Vinegar
Copper
Mothballs
What ways increase rate of the reaction
Temp change by increasing, agitation, high surface area
Dissolution
Solute in a solvent forms a solution.
What breaks into ions
Electrolytes
Dilute
Make a liquid thinner by adding another solvent to it
Concentration
Compares the amount of solute in a solution.
Concentration and dilute are compared how
Qualitatively
Molarity
Number of moles in solute in one liter of solution
Molarity formula
Amount of solute(mol)/volume of solution
Molality
Measure moles solute and kg solvent separately, then mix
G~> kg
3 decimal places to the right
Molality formula
Moles solute/kg solvent
Hydrate example
CuSO4 * 5H2O
Copper 2 sulfate pentahydroxide
Hydrate
Attracted forces that connect
When crystallized,some ionic substances form crystals that incorporate water molecules
What happens when a crystalline hydrate dissolves in water
The water of hydration returns to the solvent
Hydration
solution process with water as the solvent.
as hydrated ions diffuse into the solution, other ions are exposed and…
Drawn away from the crystal surface by the solvent
Immiscible
Liquids that are t soluble on each other
Oil & water
Miscible
Liquids that dissolve freely in one another
Pressure and solubility
Increase in pressure, increase gas solubilities in liquids.
Effervescence
Escape of a gas from a liquid in which it’s dissolved
Henry’s Law
Solubility of a gas in a liquid is directly proportional to the partial pressure of that gas on the surface of the liquid
Henry’s law applies to what
Gas liquid solutions at constant temp
Enthalpy of solution
Absorption and release of energy when solution is made
Solute solute: molecules in solute held together by intermolecular forces
Solvated
A solute particle surrounded by solvent molecules
Enthalpy of a solution part 2
Heating decreases the solubility of a gas, so dissolution of gasses is exothermic.
Solute solute interaction has little effect on gas enthalpy
