Equilibrium Flashcards
Chemical equilibrium
Two chemical processes happening at the same time. Saturated solution
Dissociation
Separation of ions that occur when a compound dissolves
What causes ionic compounds to dissociate
Water
What kind of compounds that dissociate don’t come back together in a solution
Ionic compounds
Dissociation equation…
NaCl(s) yields Na + (aq) + Cl- (aq)
Precipitate
Solid formed during chemical reactions
Two solutions of ionic compounds as reactants.
If an ionic compound is….you can’t write dissolution equation
Insoluble
Why do precipitates form
Ions more attracted to each other than H20
When determining precipitates form…
Make sure both reactants dissociate
Do the double displacement
Check the product solubilities
Net ionic equations
Shows that substances change from reactant to product side
Spectator ions
Ions that don’t change, not in net ionic equation
Formula equation
Formulas of reactants and products
Full ionic substances
Any substances in aq that break into ions are written
Strong electrolytes
Any compound whose dilute aq solution conducts electricity well; this is due to the presence of the dissolved compounds in ion form
Strong electrolytes…
Yield as only ions when dissolved in water
Weak electrolytes
Constantly breaking apart and reform, therefore at any given time the concentration of an ion is small
Ionization
When ions are formed from solute molecules by the action of the solvent
Hydronium ions
When a hydrogen atom bonded in a polar covalent bond that is ionized in an aqueous solution released hydrogen.
HCl
More attracted to water, than each other
HF
Higher electro negativity, more attached to each other than water
Strong electrolytes ionize completely (100%), while weak electrolytes ionize only partially (usually on the order of 1–10%).
.
Why do strong electrolytes dissolve 100%
They can be divided into acids, bases, and salts, because they all give ions when dissolved in water.
Molality
moles solute/kg solvent
Colligative properties
Properties of water solution that depend only on the number of solute particles dissolved.
What are the four colligative properties
Vapor pressure
Freezing point
Boiling point
Osmotic pressure
Vapor pressure takes place in what phase
Gas phase
What is vapor pressure
Pressure caused by particles in gas phase that are in equilibrium with liquid phase.
What happens during vapor pressure
Solute particles get in the way of solvent going into gas phase
Particles in gas phase, vapor pressure is lower for a solution vs pure solvent
Freezing point
Substance goes from solid to liquid and loses energy to get solid structure
If water is solvent it’s freezing point is…
0
Boiling point
Increase in boiling point of a solution as compound to te boiling point of the pure solvent
More moles in boiling point the more it will…
Change
Osmotic pressure
diffusion: spontaneous movement of a substance from Hugh concentration area to low, until evenly distributed
When will osmotic pressure change
Based on number of particles on one side of a membrane
Particles decrease when adding solute in…
Vapor pressure and freezing point
