Solids, Liquids & Gas

Question 1

Particles

Answer 1

• we can imagine them as tiny balls
• are always in constant motion
• there are forces of attraction between them
• it depends how strong the force of attraction is to determine if it is solid, liquid or gas

Question 2

solid particles

Answer 2

• packed very closely together
• the vibrate around fixed points but unable to move around freely
• attraction between the particles are very strong
• in constant shape and cannot flow

Question 3

Liquid particles

Answer 3

• particles are close together but can still move more freely
• don’t have a fixed shape
• forces between liquid particles are weaker than solid but still strong

Question 4

Gas particles

Answer 4

• particles are much further away with just empty space between them
• move around rapidly and randomly in all directions
• very week force of attraction between them
• do not keep their shape

Question 5

The kinetic theory of matter

Answer 5

• particles are in constant motion particles attract one another

Question 6

What happens when heat is supplied to liquid?

Answer 6

• move quickly
• with enough energy some particles on the surface over come the force of attraction and escape, to become a gas, this is evaporation (evaporation = liquid to gas)

Question 7

What happens when heat is supplied to solid?

Answer 7

• the particles vibrate more violently
• eventually with enough supplied energy, they can separate from each other and more freely, becoming a liquid (melting = solid to liquid)

Question 8

What happens when you cool down Gas?

Answer 8

• Cooling a gas down to below its boiling temperature, will cause the particles to form back to a liquid form.
• the change is called condensing (condensing = gas to liquid)
• If the liquid is cool enough its particles come together to form a solid, freezing (freezing = liquid to solid)

Question 9

Solution

Answer 9

• a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances in which the molecules or atoms of the substances are completely dispersed.
• the constituents can be solids, liquids or gases

Question 10

filtration

Answer 10

• the physical separation of a solid from a fluid carrier, either gas or liquid, by passing it through a medium that blocks particles above a certain size.

Question 11

Evaporation

Answer 11

• the process of turning from liquid into vapour.

Question 12

Distillation

Answer 12

• a way of separating liquids that have different points from a mixture

Question 13

Soluble

Answer 13

• Any substance that can dissolve in another is soluble

- a substance may be soluble in one liquid but insoluble in another

Question 14

How to calculate the RF value of chromatography

Answer 14

• spot distance divided by the solvent distance