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Gen, Org, and Inorg Chemistry > Solids, Liquids, and Gases > Flashcards

Solids, Liquids, and Gases Flashcards

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1
Q

Has a fixed shape that does not conform to the shape of its container

CHOICES:
Melting point, Solids, Amorphous solids, Surface tension, Equilibrium, relative humidity, Vapor pressure, Liquids, Allotropes, Crystallization

A

Solids

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2
Q

Even in the solid-state, molecules and ions do not stop moving completely rather they vibrate around fixed points. True or False

A

True

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3
Q

the temperature at which a substance changes from the solid-state to the liquid state.

CHOICES:
Melting point, Solids, Amorphous solids, Surface tension, Equilibrium, relative humidity, Vapor pressure, Liquids, Allotropes, Crystallization

A

Melting point

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4
Q

also called solidification, the formation of a solid from a liquid.

CHOICES:
Melting point, Solids, Amorphous solids, Surface tension, Equilibrium, relative humidity, Vapor pressure, Liquids, Allotropes, Crystallization

A

Crystallization

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5
Q

Not defined by rigidity or
hardness

CHOICES:
Melting point, Solids, Amorphous solids, Surface tension, Equilibrium, relative humidity, Vapor pressure, Liquids, Allotropes, Crystallization

A

Solids

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6
Q

elements that exist in different forms while in the same physical state with different chemical and physical properties.

CHOICES:
Melting point, Solids, Amorphous solids, Surface tension, Equilibrium, relative humidity, Vapor pressure, Liquids, Allotropes, Crystallization

A

Allotropes

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7
Q

Atoms, ions, or molecules have an ordered arrangement extending over a long-range. True or False

A

True

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8
Q

Consist of randomly arranged particles that have no ordered long-range structure

CHOICES:
Melting point, Solids, Amorphous solids, Surface tension, Equilibrium, relative humidity, Vapor pressure, Liquids, Allotropes, Crystallization

A

Amorphous solids

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9
Q

___________ is similar to the structures of liquids, but the molecules, atoms, and/or ions lack the freedom of motion they have in liquids

CHOICES:
Melting point, Solids, Amorphous solids, Surface tension, Equilibrium, relative humidity, Vapor pressure, Liquids, Allotropes, Crystallization

A

Amorphous solids

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10
Q

Have a definite volume, varying shape that conforms to the container’s shape, but only to the extent of its volume

CHOICES:
Melting point, Solids, Amorphous solids, Surface tension, Equilibrium, relative humidity, Vapor pressure, Liquids, Allotropes, Crystallization

A

Liquids

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11
Q

Of the three states, only gases can combine the ability to flow with the effects of strong intermolecular forces. True or False

A

False - liquids

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12
Q

Directly related to the strength of the intermolecular attraction between its molecules

CHOICES:
Melting point, Solids, Amorphous solids, Surface tension, Equilibrium, relative humidity, Vapor pressure, Liquids, Allotropes, Crystallization

A

Surface tension

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13
Q

The partial pressure of a gas in equilibrium with its liquid form in a closed container

CHOICES:
Melting point, Solids, Amorphous solids, Surface tension, Equilibrium, relative humidity, Vapor pressure, Liquids, Allotropes, Crystallization

A

Vapor pressure

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14
Q

As the temperature of the liquid increases, its vapor pressure continues to increase until it equals the atmospheric pressure. True or False

A

True

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15
Q

The vapor pressure of water in the atmosphere is expressed as ___________ which is the ratio of the actual partial pressure of the water vapor

CHOICES:
Melting point, Solids, Amorphous solids, Surface tension, Equilibrium, relative humidity, Vapor pressure, Liquids, Allotropes, Crystallization

A

relative humidity

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16
Q

At _____________ the vaporization equals the rate of liquefaction.

CHOICES:
Melting point, Solids, Amorphous solids, Surface tension, Equilibrium, relative humidity, Vapor pressure, Liquids, Allotropes, Crystallization

A

Equilibrium

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17
Q

The temperature at which the vapor pressure of a liquid is equal to the atmospheric pressure

CHOICES:
Viscosity, Gases, Barometer, Manometer, Avogadro’s Law, Gay-Lussac’s Law, Charles’s Law, Boyle’s Law, Pressure, cohesion adhesion, Capillary Action, Boiling point

A

Boiling point

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18
Q

The boiling point when the atmospheric pressure is 3 atm is the normal boiling point. True or False

A

False - 1 atm

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19
Q

The tendency of a liquid to rise in narrow tubes or be drawn into small openings such as those between grains of a rock.

CHOICES:
Viscosity, Gases, Barometer, Manometer, Avogadro’s Law, Gay-Lussac’s Law, Charles’s Law, Boyle’s Law, Pressure, cohesion adhesion, Capillary Action, Boiling point

A

Capillary Action

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20
Q

Occurs due to the pressure of ___________ which causes the liquid to work against gravity.

CHOICES:
Viscosity, Gases, Barometer, Manometer, Avogadro’s Law, Gay-Lussac’s Law, Charles’s Law, Boyle’s Law, Pressure, cohesion adhesion, Capillary Action, Boiling point

A

cohesion adhesion

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21
Q

The resistance of a fluid to flow and results from intermolecular attractions that impede the movement of molecules around and past each other.

CHOICES:
Viscosity, Gases, Barometer, Manometer, Avogadro’s Law, Gay-Lussac’s Law, Charles’s Law, Boyle’s Law, Pressure, cohesion adhesion, Capillary Action, Boiling point

A

Viscosity

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22
Q

The particles have large distances between them and
they move randomly throughout the container

CHOICES:
Viscosity, Gases, Barometer, Manometer, Avogadro’s Law, Gay-Lussac’s Law, Charles’s Law, Boyle’s Law, Pressure, cohesion adhesion, Capillary Action, Boiling point

A

Gases

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23
Q

Gases have much lower densities than liquids and solids. True or False

A

True

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24
Q

The force per unit area exerted against a surface

CHOICES:
Viscosity, Gases, Barometer, Manometer, Avogadro’s Law, Gay-Lussac’s Law, Charles’s Law, Boyle’s Law, Pressure, cohesion adhesion, Capillary Action, Boiling point

A

Pressure

25
Q

the instrument used to measure the pressure of the atmosphere

CHOICES:
Viscosity, Gases, Barometer, Manometer, Avogadro’s Law, Gay-Lussac’s Law, Charles’s Law, Boyle’s Law, Pressure, cohesion adhesion, Capillary Action, Boiling point

A

Barometer

26
Q

the instrument used to measure the pressure of a gas in a container

CHOICES:
Viscosity, Gases, Barometer, Manometer, Avogadro’s Law, Gay-Lussac’s Law, Charles’s Law, Boyle’s Law, Pressure, cohesion adhesion, Capillary Action, Boiling point

A

Manometer

27
Q

states that for a fixed mass of gas at a constant temperature, the volume of the gas is inversely proportional to the pressure.

CHOICES:
Viscosity, Gases, Barometer, Manometer, Avogadro’s Law, Gay-Lussac’s Law, Charles’s Law, Boyle’s Law, Pressure, cohesion adhesion, Capillary Action, Boiling point

A

Boyle’s Law

28
Q

states that at constant pressure, the volume of a fixed
mass of gas is directly proportional to the temperature in Kelvin.

CHOICES:
Viscosity, Gases, Barometer, Manometer, Avogadro’s Law, Gay-Lussac’s Law, Charles’s Law, Boyle’s Law, Pressure, cohesion adhesion, Capillary Action, Boiling point

A

Charles’s Law

29
Q

states that for a fixed mass of gas at constant volume, the pressure is directly proportional to the temperature in Kelvin.

CHOICES:
Viscosity, Gases, Barometer, Manometer, Avogadro’s Law, Gay-Lussac’s Law, Charles’s Law, Boyle’s Law, Pressure, cohesion adhesion, Capillary Action, Boiling point

A

Gay-Lussac’s Law

30
Q

states that equal volumes of gases at the same temperature and pressure contain the same number of molecules.

CHOICES:
Viscosity, Gases, Barometer, Manometer, Avogadro’s Law, Gay-Lussac’s Law, Charles’s Law, Boyle’s Law, Pressure, cohesion adhesion, Capillary Action, Boiling point

A

Avogadro’s Law

31
Q

Standard Atmospheric Pressure (1 atm) is equal to the pressure that supports a column of mercury exactly 760 mm (or 76 cm) high at 0°C at sea level. True or False

A

True

32
Q

holds for all ideal gases at any temperature, pressure, and volume.

CHOICES:
Partial pressure, phase change, Ideal gas, Kinetic Molecular Theory, Dalton’s Law, Ideal Gas Law

A

Ideal Gas Law

33
Q

Under most experimental conditions, real gases behave sufficiently like ideal gases. True or False

A

True

34
Q

States that the total pressure of a mixture of gases is the sum of the partial pressures of each individual gas.

CHOICES:
Partial pressure, phase change, Ideal gas, Kinetic Molecular Theory, Dalton’s Law, Ideal Gas Law

A

Dalton’s Law

35
Q

the pressure that a gas in a mixture of gases would exert if alone in the container

CHOICES:
Partial pressure, phase change, Ideal gas, Kinetic Molecular Theory, Dalton’s Law, Ideal Gas Law

A

Partial pressure

36
Q

Molecules in the gaseous state move rapidly and randomly, allowing gas to fill all the available space of its container.

CHOICES:
Partial pressure, phase change, Ideal gas, Kinetic Molecular Theory, Dalton’s Law, Ideal Gas Law

A

Kinetic Molecular Theory

37
Q

Gas molecules have no volume

and there are no forces of attraction between them. True or False

A

True

38
Q

a gas described by the assumptions of the kinetic molecular theory

CHOICES:
Partial pressure, phase change, Ideal gas, Kinetic Molecular Theory, Dalton’s Law, Ideal Gas Law

A

Ideal gas

39
Q

involves a change of matter from one physical state to another.

CHOICES:
Partial pressure, phase change, Ideal gas, Kinetic Molecular Theory, Dalton’s Law, Ideal Gas Law

A

phase change

40
Q

Solid → Gas

CHOICES:
Melting, Sublimation, Deposition, Vaporization, Condensation, Freezing

A

Sublimation

41
Q

Solid → Liquid

CHOICES:
Melting, Sublimation, Deposition, Vaporization, Condensation, Freezing

A

Melting

42
Q

Liquid → Solid

CHOICES:
Melting, Sublimation, Deposition, Vaporization, Condensation, Freezing

A

Freezing

43
Q

Liquid → Gas

CHOICES:
Melting, Sublimation, Deposition, Vaporization, Condensation, Freezing

A

Vaporization

44
Q

Gas → Liquid

CHOICES:
Melting, Sublimation, Deposition, Vaporization, Condensation, Freezing

A

Condensation

45
Q

Gas → Solid

CHOICES:
Melting, Sublimation, Deposition, Vaporization, Condensation, Freezing

A

Deposition

46
Q

the heat necessary to convert 1.0 g of any solid to a liquid.

CHOICES:
triple point, supercritical fluid, Dipole-Dipole forces, Polarizability, Hydrogen bonding, Dispersion forces, Ion-Dipole forces, Intermolecular forces of attraction, Phase Diagram, Heat of vaporization, Heat of fusion

A

Heat of fusion

47
Q

the heat necessary to convert 1.0 g of any liquid to the gaseous state.

CHOICES:
triple point, supercritical fluid, Dipole-Dipole forces, Polarizability, Hydrogen bonding, Dispersion forces, Ion-Dipole forces, Intermolecular forces of attraction, Phase Diagram, Heat of vaporization, Heat of fusion

A

Heat of vaporization

48
Q

Combines the liquid-gas, solid-liquid, and solid-gas curves and gives the conditions of temperature and pressure at which each phase is stable and where phase changes occur

CHOICES:
triple point, supercritical fluid, Dipole-Dipole forces, Polarizability, Hydrogen bonding, Dispersion forces, Ion-Dipole forces, Intermolecular forces of attraction, Phase Diagram, Heat of vaporization, Heat of fusion

A

Phase Diagram

49
Q

Phase Diagram contains a unique ______ where all three phases coexist

CHOICES:
triple point, supercritical fluid, Dipole-Dipole forces, Polarizability, Hydrogen bonding, Dispersion forces, Ion-Dipole forces, Intermolecular forces of attraction, Phase Diagram, Heat of vaporization, Heat of fusion

A

triple point

50
Q

Beyond the critical temperature, a ___________ exists rather than separate liquid and gaseous phases.

CHOICES:
triple point, supercritical fluid, Dipole-Dipole forces, Polarizability, Hydrogen bonding, Dispersion forces, Ion-Dipole forces, Intermolecular forces of attraction, Phase Diagram, Heat of vaporization, Heat of fusion

A

supercritical fluid

51
Q

Responsible for the condensation of gases into the liquid state and for the solidification of liquids to the
solid state.

CHOICES:
triple point, supercritical fluid, Dipole-Dipole forces, Polarizability, Hydrogen bonding, Dispersion forces, Ion-Dipole forces, Intermolecular forces of attraction, Phase Diagram, Heat of vaporization, Heat of fusion

A

Intermolecular forces of attraction

52
Q

Attractive forces between polar molecules. It occurs due to electronegativity differences

CHOICES:
triple point, supercritical fluid, Dipole-Dipole forces, Polarizability, Hydrogen bonding, Dispersion forces, Ion-Dipole forces, Intermolecular forces of attraction, Phase Diagram, Heat of vaporization, Heat of fusion

A

Dipole-Dipole forces

53
Q

Attractive forces between an ion and polar molecule.

CHOICES:
triple point, supercritical fluid, Dipole-Dipole forces, Polarizability, Hydrogen bonding, Dispersion forces, Ion-Dipole forces, Intermolecular forces of attraction, Phase Diagram, Heat of vaporization, Heat of fusion

A

Ion-Dipole forces

54
Q

Attractive forces arise as a result of temporary dipoles induced in atoms or molecules. It occurs on nonpolar molecules.

CHOICES:
triple point, supercritical fluid, Dipole-Dipole forces, Polarizability, Hydrogen bonding, Dispersion forces, Ion-Dipole forces, Intermolecular forces of attraction, Phase Diagram, Heat of vaporization, Heat of fusion

A

Dispersion forces

55
Q

ease with which the electron distribution in the atom or molecule can be distorted.

CHOICES:
triple point, supercritical fluid, Dipole-Dipole forces, Polarizability, Hydrogen bonding, Dispersion forces, Ion-Dipole forces, Intermolecular forces of attraction, Phase Diagram, Heat of vaporization, Heat of fusion

A

Polarizability

56
Q

Special dipole-dipole interaction between a hydrogen atom in a polar N-H, O-H, or F- H bond and an electronegative O, N, or F atom.

CHOICES:
triple point, supercritical fluid, Dipole-Dipole forces, Polarizability, Hydrogen bonding, Dispersion forces, Ion-Dipole forces, Intermolecular forces of attraction, Phase Diagram, Heat of vaporization, Heat of fusion

A

Hydrogen bonding

57
Q

Any point along a line shows the pressure and temperature at which the phases are in equilibrium. True or False

A

True

58
Q

At the critical point, the two densities become equal and the phase boundary disappears. True or False

A

True

59
Q

Strong IMF = lower boiling point and melting point. True or False

A

False - higher

Gen, Org, and Inorg Chemistry (15 decks)

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