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Gen, Org, and Inorg Chemistry > Solids, Liquids, and Gases > Flashcards

Solids, Liquids, and Gases Flashcards

1
Q

Has a fixed shape that does not conform to the shape of its container

CHOICES:
Melting point, Solids, Amorphous solids, Surface tension, Equilibrium, relative humidity, Vapor pressure, Liquids, Allotropes, Crystallization

A

Solids

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2
Q

Even in the solid-state, molecules and ions do not stop moving completely rather they vibrate around fixed points. True or False

A

True

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3
Q

the temperature at which a substance changes from the solid-state to the liquid state.

CHOICES:
Melting point, Solids, Amorphous solids, Surface tension, Equilibrium, relative humidity, Vapor pressure, Liquids, Allotropes, Crystallization

A

Melting point

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4
Q

also called solidification, the formation of a solid from a liquid.

CHOICES:
Melting point, Solids, Amorphous solids, Surface tension, Equilibrium, relative humidity, Vapor pressure, Liquids, Allotropes, Crystallization

A

Crystallization

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5
Q

Not defined by rigidity or
hardness

CHOICES:
Melting point, Solids, Amorphous solids, Surface tension, Equilibrium, relative humidity, Vapor pressure, Liquids, Allotropes, Crystallization

A

Solids

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6
Q

elements that exist in different forms while in the same physical state with different chemical and physical properties.

CHOICES:
Melting point, Solids, Amorphous solids, Surface tension, Equilibrium, relative humidity, Vapor pressure, Liquids, Allotropes, Crystallization

A

Allotropes

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7
Q

Atoms, ions, or molecules have an ordered arrangement extending over a long-range. True or False

A

True

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8
Q

Consist of randomly arranged particles that have no ordered long-range structure

CHOICES:
Melting point, Solids, Amorphous solids, Surface tension, Equilibrium, relative humidity, Vapor pressure, Liquids, Allotropes, Crystallization

A

Amorphous solids

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9
Q

___________ is similar to the structures of liquids, but the molecules, atoms, and/or ions lack the freedom of motion they have in liquids

CHOICES:
Melting point, Solids, Amorphous solids, Surface tension, Equilibrium, relative humidity, Vapor pressure, Liquids, Allotropes, Crystallization

A

Amorphous solids

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10
Q

Have a definite volume, varying shape that conforms to the container’s shape, but only to the extent of its volume

CHOICES:
Melting point, Solids, Amorphous solids, Surface tension, Equilibrium, relative humidity, Vapor pressure, Liquids, Allotropes, Crystallization

A

Liquids

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11
Q

Of the three states, only gases can combine the ability to flow with the effects of strong intermolecular forces. True or False

A

False - liquids

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12
Q

Directly related to the strength of the intermolecular attraction between its molecules

CHOICES:
Melting point, Solids, Amorphous solids, Surface tension, Equilibrium, relative humidity, Vapor pressure, Liquids, Allotropes, Crystallization

A

Surface tension

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13
Q

The partial pressure of a gas in equilibrium with its liquid form in a closed container

CHOICES:
Melting point, Solids, Amorphous solids, Surface tension, Equilibrium, relative humidity, Vapor pressure, Liquids, Allotropes, Crystallization

A

Vapor pressure

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14
Q

As the temperature of the liquid increases, its vapor pressure continues to increase until it equals the atmospheric pressure. True or False

A

True

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15
Q

The vapor pressure of water in the atmosphere is expressed as ___________ which is the ratio of the actual partial pressure of the water vapor

CHOICES:
Melting point, Solids, Amorphous solids, Surface tension, Equilibrium, relative humidity, Vapor pressure, Liquids, Allotropes, Crystallization

A

relative humidity

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16
Q

At _____________ the vaporization equals the rate of liquefaction.

CHOICES:
Melting point, Solids, Amorphous solids, Surface tension, Equilibrium, relative humidity, Vapor pressure, Liquids, Allotropes, Crystallization

A

Equilibrium

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17
Q

The temperature at which the vapor pressure of a liquid is equal to the atmospheric pressure

CHOICES:
Viscosity, Gases, Barometer, Manometer, Avogadro’s Law, Gay-Lussac’s Law, Charles’s Law, Boyle’s Law, Pressure, cohesion adhesion, Capillary Action, Boiling point

A

Boiling point

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18
Q

The boiling point when the atmospheric pressure is 3 atm is the normal boiling point. True or False

A

False - 1 atm

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19
Q

The tendency of a liquid to rise in narrow tubes or be drawn into small openings such as those between grains of a rock.

CHOICES:
Viscosity, Gases, Barometer, Manometer, Avogadro’s Law, Gay-Lussac’s Law, Charles’s Law, Boyle’s Law, Pressure, cohesion adhesion, Capillary Action, Boiling point

A

Capillary Action

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20
Q

Occurs due to the pressure of ___________ which causes the liquid to work against gravity.

CHOICES:
Viscosity, Gases, Barometer, Manometer, Avogadro’s Law, Gay-Lussac’s Law, Charles’s Law, Boyle’s Law, Pressure, cohesion adhesion, Capillary Action, Boiling point

A

cohesion adhesion

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21
Q

The resistance of a fluid to flow and results from intermolecular attractions that impede the movement of molecules around and past each other.

CHOICES:
Viscosity, Gases, Barometer, Manometer, Avogadro’s Law, Gay-Lussac’s Law, Charles’s Law, Boyle’s Law, Pressure, cohesion adhesion, Capillary Action, Boiling point

A

Viscosity

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22
Q

The particles have large distances between them and
they move randomly throughout the container

CHOICES:
Viscosity, Gases, Barometer, Manometer, Avogadro’s Law, Gay-Lussac’s Law, Charles’s Law, Boyle’s Law, Pressure, cohesion adhesion, Capillary Action, Boiling point

A

Gases

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23
Q

Gases have much lower densities than liquids and solids. True or False

A

True

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24
Q

The force per unit area exerted against a surface

CHOICES:
Viscosity, Gases, Barometer, Manometer, Avogadro’s Law, Gay-Lussac’s Law, Charles’s Law, Boyle’s Law, Pressure, cohesion adhesion, Capillary Action, Boiling point

25
the instrument used to measure the pressure of the atmosphere CHOICES: Viscosity, Gases, Barometer, Manometer, Avogadro's Law, Gay-Lussac's Law, Charles's Law, Boyle's Law, Pressure, cohesion adhesion, Capillary Action, Boiling point
Barometer
26
the instrument used to measure the pressure of a gas in a container CHOICES: Viscosity, Gases, Barometer, Manometer, Avogadro's Law, Gay-Lussac's Law, Charles's Law, Boyle's Law, Pressure, cohesion adhesion, Capillary Action, Boiling point
Manometer
27
states that for a fixed mass of gas at a constant temperature, the volume of the gas is inversely proportional to the pressure. CHOICES: Viscosity, Gases, Barometer, Manometer, Avogadro's Law, Gay-Lussac's Law, Charles's Law, Boyle's Law, Pressure, cohesion adhesion, Capillary Action, Boiling point
Boyle's Law
28
states that at constant pressure, the volume of a fixed mass of gas is directly proportional to the temperature in Kelvin. CHOICES: Viscosity, Gases, Barometer, Manometer, Avogadro's Law, Gay-Lussac's Law, Charles's Law, Boyle's Law, Pressure, cohesion adhesion, Capillary Action, Boiling point
Charles's Law
29
states that for a fixed mass of gas at constant volume, the pressure is directly proportional to the temperature in Kelvin. CHOICES: Viscosity, Gases, Barometer, Manometer, Avogadro's Law, Gay-Lussac's Law, Charles's Law, Boyle's Law, Pressure, cohesion adhesion, Capillary Action, Boiling point
Gay-Lussac's Law
30
states that equal volumes of gases at the same temperature and pressure contain the same number of molecules. CHOICES: Viscosity, Gases, Barometer, Manometer, Avogadro's Law, Gay-Lussac's Law, Charles's Law, Boyle's Law, Pressure, cohesion adhesion, Capillary Action, Boiling point
Avogadro's Law
31
Standard Atmospheric Pressure (1 atm) is equal to the pressure that supports a column of mercury exactly 760 mm (or 76 cm) high at 0°C at sea level. True or False
True
32
holds for all ideal gases at any temperature, pressure, and volume. CHOICES: Partial pressure, phase change, Ideal gas, Kinetic Molecular Theory, Dalton's Law, Ideal Gas Law
Ideal Gas Law
33
Under most experimental conditions, real gases behave sufficiently like ideal gases. True or False
True
34
States that the total pressure of a mixture of gases is the sum of the partial pressures of each individual gas. CHOICES: Partial pressure, phase change, Ideal gas, Kinetic Molecular Theory, Dalton's Law, Ideal Gas Law
Dalton's Law
35
the pressure that a gas in a mixture of gases would exert if alone in the container CHOICES: Partial pressure, phase change, Ideal gas, Kinetic Molecular Theory, Dalton's Law, Ideal Gas Law
Partial pressure
36
Molecules in the gaseous state move rapidly and randomly, allowing gas to fill all the available space of its container. CHOICES: Partial pressure, phase change, Ideal gas, Kinetic Molecular Theory, Dalton's Law, Ideal Gas Law
Kinetic Molecular Theory
37
Gas molecules have no volume | and there are no forces of attraction between them. True or False
True
38
a gas described by the assumptions of the kinetic molecular theory CHOICES: Partial pressure, phase change, Ideal gas, Kinetic Molecular Theory, Dalton's Law, Ideal Gas Law
Ideal gas
39
involves a change of matter from one physical state to another. CHOICES: Partial pressure, phase change, Ideal gas, Kinetic Molecular Theory, Dalton's Law, Ideal Gas Law
phase change
40
Solid → Gas CHOICES: Melting, Sublimation, Deposition, Vaporization, Condensation, Freezing
Sublimation
41
Solid → Liquid CHOICES: Melting, Sublimation, Deposition, Vaporization, Condensation, Freezing
Melting
42
Liquid → Solid CHOICES: Melting, Sublimation, Deposition, Vaporization, Condensation, Freezing
Freezing
43
Liquid → Gas CHOICES: Melting, Sublimation, Deposition, Vaporization, Condensation, Freezing
Vaporization
44
Gas → Liquid CHOICES: Melting, Sublimation, Deposition, Vaporization, Condensation, Freezing
Condensation
45
Gas → Solid CHOICES: Melting, Sublimation, Deposition, Vaporization, Condensation, Freezing
Deposition
46
the heat necessary to convert 1.0 g of any solid to a liquid. CHOICES: triple point, supercritical fluid, Dipole-Dipole forces, Polarizability, Hydrogen bonding, Dispersion forces, Ion-Dipole forces, Intermolecular forces of attraction, Phase Diagram, Heat of vaporization, Heat of fusion
Heat of fusion
47
the heat necessary to convert 1.0 g of any liquid to the gaseous state. CHOICES: triple point, supercritical fluid, Dipole-Dipole forces, Polarizability, Hydrogen bonding, Dispersion forces, Ion-Dipole forces, Intermolecular forces of attraction, Phase Diagram, Heat of vaporization, Heat of fusion
Heat of vaporization
48
Combines the liquid-gas, solid-liquid, and solid-gas curves and gives the conditions of temperature and pressure at which each phase is stable and where phase changes occur CHOICES: triple point, supercritical fluid, Dipole-Dipole forces, Polarizability, Hydrogen bonding, Dispersion forces, Ion-Dipole forces, Intermolecular forces of attraction, Phase Diagram, Heat of vaporization, Heat of fusion
Phase Diagram
49
Phase Diagram contains a unique ______ where all three phases coexist CHOICES: triple point, supercritical fluid, Dipole-Dipole forces, Polarizability, Hydrogen bonding, Dispersion forces, Ion-Dipole forces, Intermolecular forces of attraction, Phase Diagram, Heat of vaporization, Heat of fusion
triple point
50
Beyond the critical temperature, a ___________ exists rather than separate liquid and gaseous phases. CHOICES: triple point, supercritical fluid, Dipole-Dipole forces, Polarizability, Hydrogen bonding, Dispersion forces, Ion-Dipole forces, Intermolecular forces of attraction, Phase Diagram, Heat of vaporization, Heat of fusion
supercritical fluid
51
Responsible for the condensation of gases into the liquid state and for the solidification of liquids to the solid state. CHOICES: triple point, supercritical fluid, Dipole-Dipole forces, Polarizability, Hydrogen bonding, Dispersion forces, Ion-Dipole forces, Intermolecular forces of attraction, Phase Diagram, Heat of vaporization, Heat of fusion
Intermolecular forces of attraction
52
Attractive forces between polar molecules. It occurs due to electronegativity differences CHOICES: triple point, supercritical fluid, Dipole-Dipole forces, Polarizability, Hydrogen bonding, Dispersion forces, Ion-Dipole forces, Intermolecular forces of attraction, Phase Diagram, Heat of vaporization, Heat of fusion
Dipole-Dipole forces
53
Attractive forces between an ion and polar molecule. CHOICES: triple point, supercritical fluid, Dipole-Dipole forces, Polarizability, Hydrogen bonding, Dispersion forces, Ion-Dipole forces, Intermolecular forces of attraction, Phase Diagram, Heat of vaporization, Heat of fusion
Ion-Dipole forces
54
Attractive forces arise as a result of temporary dipoles induced in atoms or molecules. It occurs on nonpolar molecules. CHOICES: triple point, supercritical fluid, Dipole-Dipole forces, Polarizability, Hydrogen bonding, Dispersion forces, Ion-Dipole forces, Intermolecular forces of attraction, Phase Diagram, Heat of vaporization, Heat of fusion
Dispersion forces
55
ease with which the electron distribution in the atom or molecule can be distorted. CHOICES: triple point, supercritical fluid, Dipole-Dipole forces, Polarizability, Hydrogen bonding, Dispersion forces, Ion-Dipole forces, Intermolecular forces of attraction, Phase Diagram, Heat of vaporization, Heat of fusion
Polarizability
56
Special dipole-dipole interaction between a hydrogen atom in a polar N-H, O-H, or F- H bond and an electronegative O, N, or F atom. CHOICES: triple point, supercritical fluid, Dipole-Dipole forces, Polarizability, Hydrogen bonding, Dispersion forces, Ion-Dipole forces, Intermolecular forces of attraction, Phase Diagram, Heat of vaporization, Heat of fusion
Hydrogen bonding
57
Any point along a line shows the pressure and temperature at which the phases are in equilibrium. True or False
True
58
At the critical point, the two densities become equal and the phase boundary disappears. True or False
True
59
Strong IMF = lower boiling point and melting point. True or False
False - higher

Gen, Org, and Inorg Chemistry (15 decks)

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