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Gen, Org, and Inorg Chemistry > Alcohols > Flashcards

Alcohols Flashcards

1
Q

A compound that contains an -OH (hydroxyl group) bonded to a tetrahedral carbon.

CHOICES:
methanol, Alcohols, 1° alcohols, 2° alcohols, 3° alcohols, Dehydration, Phenols, Thiol, nonpolar covalent

A

alcohol

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2
Q

the simplest alcohol

CHOICES:
methanol, Alcohols, 1° alcohols, 2° alcohols, 3° alcohols, Dehydration, Phenols, Thiol, nonpolar covalent

A

methanol

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3
Q

The C-O and O-H bonds are both polar covalent. True or False

A

True

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4
Q

ethane is soluble in water. True or False

A

False - insoluble

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5
Q

pentane is soluble in water. True or False

A

False - insoluble

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6
Q

Alcohols have about the same pKa values as water. True or False

A

True

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7
Q

Alcohols and phenols both

contain an NH group. True or False

A

False - OH group

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8
Q

__________ are weak acids and react with NaOH and other strong bases to form water-soluble salts.

CHOICES:
methanol, Alcohols, 1° alcohols, 2° alcohols, 3° alcohols, Dehydration, Phenols, Thiol, nonpolar covalent

A

Phenols

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9
Q

___________ are weaker acids than phenols and do not react in this manner.

CHOICES:
methanol, Alcohols, 1° alcohols, 2° alcohols, 3° alcohols, Dehydration, Phenols, Thiol, nonpolar covalent

A

Alcohols

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10
Q

Elimination of a molecule of water from adjacent carbon atoms that gives an alkene.

CHOICES:
methanol, Alcohols, 1° alcohols, 2° alcohols, 3° alcohols, Dehydration, Phenols, Thiol, nonpolar covalent

A

Dehydration

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11
Q

Dehydration is most often brought about by heating alcohol with either 75% H3PO4 or concentrated H2SO4. True or False

A

False - 85%

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12
Q

the most difficult to dehydrate and require temperatures as
high as 180°C.

CHOICES:
methanol, Alcohols, 1° alcohols, 2° alcohols, 3° alcohols, Dehydration, Phenols, Thiol, nonpolar covalent

A

1° alcohols

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13
Q

undergo acid-catalyzed dehydration at somewhat lower
temperatures.

CHOICES:
methanol, Alcohols, 1° alcohols, 2° alcohols, 3° alcohols, Dehydration, Phenols, Thiol, nonpolar covalent

A

2° alcohols

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14
Q

generally undergo acid-catalyzed dehydration at temperatures only slightly above room temperature.

CHOICES:
methanol, Alcohols, 1° alcohols, 2° alcohols, 3° alcohols, Dehydration, Phenols, CHOICES:
methanol, Alcohols, 1° alcohols, 2° alcohols, 3° alcohols, Dehydration, Phenols, Thiol, nonpolar covalent

A

3° alcohols

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15
Q

When isomeric alkenes are obtained, the alkene having the greater number of alkyl groups on the double bond generally predominates. True or False

A

True

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16
Q

Ethers are nonpolar molecules in which oxygen bears a partial negative charge and each carbon bonded to it bears a partial positive charge. True or False

A

False - polar molecules

17
Q

Boiling points of ethers are close to those of hydrocarbons of similar molecular weight. True or False

18
Q

Ethers do not react with oxidizing agents such as potassium dichromate. True or False

19
Q

Ethers are affected by most
acids or bases at moderate
temperatures. True or False

A

False - not affected

20
Q

Because of the general inertness and good solvent properties of ethers, such as diethyl ether and THF, are excellent solvents in which to carry out inorganic reactions. True or False

A

False - inorganic reactions

21
Q

A compound containing an
-SH (sulfhydryl group).

CHOICES:
methanol, Alcohols, 1° alcohols, 2° alcohols, 3° alcohols, Dehydration, Phenols, Thiol, nonpolar covalent

22
Q

Common names for simple thiols are derived by naming the alkyl group bonded to -SH and adding the word “mercaptan”. True or False

23
Q

Because of the small difference in electronegativity between sulfur and hydrogen (2.5 - 2.1 = 0.4), an S-H bond is ____________.

CHOICES:
methanol, Alcohols, 1° alcohols, 2° alcohols, 3° alcohols, Dehydration, Phenols, Thiol, nonpolar covalent

A

nonpolar covalent

24
Q

Thiols have higher boiling points and are more soluble in water and other polar solvents than alcohols of similar molecular weight. True or False

A

False - Thiols have lower boiling points and are less soluble in water and
other polar solvents than alcohols of similar molecular weight.

25
Q

Thiols are weak acids (pKa 10) and are comparable in strength to phenols (pKa 10). True or False

26
Q

Thiols react with strong acids such as NaOH to form water-soluble thiolate salts. True or False

A

False - strong bases

27
Q

The most common reaction of
thiols in biological systems is their oxidation to disulfides, the functional group of which is a disulfide (-S-S-) bond. True or False

28
Q

Disulfides, in turn, are easily
reduced to thiols by several
reducing agents including H2 in the presence of a transition metal catalyst. True or False

Gen, Org, and Inorg Chemistry (15 decks)

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