Alcohols Flashcards
A compound that contains an -OH (hydroxyl group) bonded to a tetrahedral carbon.
CHOICES:
methanol, Alcohols, 1° alcohols, 2° alcohols, 3° alcohols, Dehydration, Phenols, Thiol, nonpolar covalent
alcohol
the simplest alcohol
CHOICES:
methanol, Alcohols, 1° alcohols, 2° alcohols, 3° alcohols, Dehydration, Phenols, Thiol, nonpolar covalent
methanol
The C-O and O-H bonds are both polar covalent. True or False
True
ethane is soluble in water. True or False
False - insoluble
pentane is soluble in water. True or False
False - insoluble
Alcohols have about the same pKa values as water. True or False
True
Alcohols and phenols both
contain an NH group. True or False
False - OH group
__________ are weak acids and react with NaOH and other strong bases to form water-soluble salts.
CHOICES:
methanol, Alcohols, 1° alcohols, 2° alcohols, 3° alcohols, Dehydration, Phenols, Thiol, nonpolar covalent
Phenols
___________ are weaker acids than phenols and do not react in this manner.
CHOICES:
methanol, Alcohols, 1° alcohols, 2° alcohols, 3° alcohols, Dehydration, Phenols, Thiol, nonpolar covalent
Alcohols
Elimination of a molecule of water from adjacent carbon atoms that gives an alkene.
CHOICES:
methanol, Alcohols, 1° alcohols, 2° alcohols, 3° alcohols, Dehydration, Phenols, Thiol, nonpolar covalent
Dehydration
Dehydration is most often brought about by heating alcohol with either 75% H3PO4 or concentrated H2SO4. True or False
False - 85%
the most difficult to dehydrate and require temperatures as
high as 180°C.
CHOICES:
methanol, Alcohols, 1° alcohols, 2° alcohols, 3° alcohols, Dehydration, Phenols, Thiol, nonpolar covalent
1° alcohols
undergo acid-catalyzed dehydration at somewhat lower
temperatures.
CHOICES:
methanol, Alcohols, 1° alcohols, 2° alcohols, 3° alcohols, Dehydration, Phenols, Thiol, nonpolar covalent
2° alcohols
generally undergo acid-catalyzed dehydration at temperatures only slightly above room temperature.
CHOICES:
methanol, Alcohols, 1° alcohols, 2° alcohols, 3° alcohols, Dehydration, Phenols, CHOICES:
methanol, Alcohols, 1° alcohols, 2° alcohols, 3° alcohols, Dehydration, Phenols, Thiol, nonpolar covalent
3° alcohols
When isomeric alkenes are obtained, the alkene having the greater number of alkyl groups on the double bond generally predominates. True or False
True
Ethers are nonpolar molecules in which oxygen bears a partial negative charge and each carbon bonded to it bears a partial positive charge. True or False
False - polar molecules
Boiling points of ethers are close to those of hydrocarbons of similar molecular weight. True or False
True
Ethers do not react with oxidizing agents such as potassium dichromate. True or False
True
Ethers are affected by most
acids or bases at moderate
temperatures. True or False
False - not affected
Because of the general inertness and good solvent properties of ethers, such as diethyl ether and THF, are excellent solvents in which to carry out inorganic reactions. True or False
False - inorganic reactions
A compound containing an
-SH (sulfhydryl group).
CHOICES:
methanol, Alcohols, 1° alcohols, 2° alcohols, 3° alcohols, Dehydration, Phenols, Thiol, nonpolar covalent
Thiol
Common names for simple thiols are derived by naming the alkyl group bonded to -SH and adding the word “mercaptan”. True or False
True
Because of the small difference in electronegativity between sulfur and hydrogen (2.5 - 2.1 = 0.4), an S-H bond is ____________.
CHOICES:
methanol, Alcohols, 1° alcohols, 2° alcohols, 3° alcohols, Dehydration, Phenols, Thiol, nonpolar covalent
nonpolar covalent
Thiols have higher boiling points and are more soluble in water and other polar solvents than alcohols of similar molecular weight. True or False
False - Thiols have lower boiling points and are less soluble in water and
other polar solvents than alcohols of similar molecular weight.
