Solids

Question 1

What is the recommended limit for dissolved solids per liter of drinking water?

Answer 1

500 mg

Question 2

Total solids

Answer 2

Total suspended solids plus dissolved solids. All solids left in the evaporating dish after drying.

Question 3

Total suspended solids

Answer 3

Portion of total solids that are retained by a glass fiber filter

Question 4

Total dissolved solids

Answer 4

Portion of total solids that pass through a glass fiber filter

Question 5

Fixed solids

Answer 5

Solids that remain after ignition for 15-20 minutes at 550 + or - 50C. Also called non-volatile solids.

Question 6

Volatile solids

Answer 6

Mass of total, suspended, or dissolved solids lost upon ignition

Question 7

Settleable solids

Answer 7

Solids which settle in one hour in an imhoff cone

Question 8

Procedure for Total Solids analysis

Answer 8

1) Clean then dry evaporating dish at 103-105C for one hour or 550C if testing for volatile or fixed solids
2) store in dessicator to room temperature
3) weight just before use
4) Transfer a measured volume of sample to the dish and evaporate to dryness at 98C
5) Dry at 103-105C for at least one hour
6) Cool in desiccator to room temp
7) weigh evaporating dish plus remaining solids
8) Repeat drying, cooling, and weighing until a constant weight (within 4% or .0005, whichever is less)

Question 9

Procedure for Total dissolved solids

Answer 9

1) Clean then dry evaporating dish at 180 +-2C for one hour or 550C if testing for volatile or fixed solids
2) store in dessicator to room temperature
3) Place glass fiber filter pad in crucible and wash with 3x20 ml distilled water under suction
4) weigh evaporating dish just before use
5) Filter a measured volume of sample
6) Wash filter with 3x10mL distilled water
7) Transfer combined filtrate to evaporating dish and evaporate to dryness at 80C
8) Dry at 180+-2 C for at least one hour
6) Cool in desiccator to room temp
7) Weigh evaporating dish plus remaining solids
8) Repeat drying, cooling, and weighing until a constant weight (within 4% or .0005, whichever is less)

Question 10

Total Suspended Solids procedure

Answer 10

1) Place glass fiber filter pad in crucible and wash with 3x20 ml distilled water under suction
2) Dry filter and crucible in oven at 103-105C for one hour (550C if performing volatile or fixed solids after)
3) Store in dessicator to room temp
4) weigh evaporating dish just before use
5) Filter a measured volume of sample into clean flask
6) Wash filter with 3x10mL distilled water
7) Suction dry by drawing air through filter
8) Dry at 103-105C for at least one hour
6) Cool in desiccator to room temp
7) Weigh crucible, filter, and remaining solids
8) Repeat drying, cooling, and weighing until a constant weight (within 4% or .0005, whichever is less)

Question 11

Fixed and Volatile solids Procedure

Answer 11

1) Heat evaporating dish or crucible and filter to 550C+- 50C for 15-20 minutes
2) Let dish or crucible partially cool in air, then in a desiccator
3) Weight at room temperature
4) Repeat until a constant weight (within 4% or 0.0005g, whichever is less)

Question 12

Settleable Solids Procedure

Answer 12

1) Mix the sample well
2) fill Imhoff cone to 1L mark
3) Allow the waste to settle for 45 minutes
4) gently stir the sides of the cone to facilitate settling of material adhering to the side of the cone
5) after an additional 15 minutes, record the mm or settleable solids in the imhoff cone. Make allowances for voids among the settled material
6) record as ml/L