Solid, liquid, and gases Flashcards
What is the formula for density?
Density = Mass/Volume (ρ = m/V)
Describe the relationship between pressure, force, and area.
Pressure = Force/Area (p = F/A)
Explain how pressure acts in a gas or liquid at rest.
The pressure at a point in a gas or liquid at rest acts:
- equally in all directions, causing a force at right angles to any surface.
What is the equation for pressure difference?
Pressure Difference = Height × Density × Gravitational Field Strength (p = h × ρ × g)
Why does heating a system change its energy?
- Heating increases the kinetic energy of particles, leading to a rise in temperature or a change of state.
- The temperature is related to the average kinetic energy of particles.
What are the characteristics of particle arrangement in solids, liquids, and gases?
Solid: Regular pattern, high density, particles vibrate.
Liquid: Random arrangement, medium density, particles move around each other.
Gas: Random arrangement, low density, particles move quickly in all directions.
Define specific heat capacity.
Specific heat capacity is the amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 kg of a substance by 1°C.
What is the equation for change in thermal energy?
Change in Thermal Energy = Mass × Specific Heat Capacity × Change in Temperature (ΔQ = m × c × ΔT)
Explain why gas molecules exert pressure on the walls of a container.
Gas molecules have random motion and exert pressure by colliding with container walls. The force per unit area is defined as pressure.
What is absolute zero, and why is it -273 °C?
Absolute zero is the temperature where gas molecules stop moving. It’s -273 °C, defined as the point where molecules have zero kinetic energy.
Describe the Kelvin temperature scale and its relation to Celsius.
The Kelvin scale starts at absolute zero, with 0 K = -273 °C. The conversion is Celsius to Kelvin (+273) and Kelvin to Celsius (-273).
Why does an increase in temperature lead to faster gas molecules?
Increased temperature corresponds to higher average kinetic energy, causing faster-moving molecules and more frequent collisions.
What is the qualitative relationship between pressure and volume at constant temperature?
- Compressing increases pressure
- expanding decreases pressure, and vice versa
- while the temperature remains constant.
State the relationship between pressure and Kelvin temperature at constant volume.
The relationship is given by the equation p1/T1 = p2/T2.
Explain the factors affecting pressure in a fluid and how they relate to depth.
- Pressure in a fluid increases with depth, density, and gravitational field strength.
- Deeper fluid experiences higher weight and density, leading to greater pressure.
