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Physics > Forces and Motion > Flashcards

Forces and Motion Flashcards

1
Q

What is the formula for acceleration?

A

acceleration = change in velocity/time taken

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2
Q

What is the formula for final speed?

A

(π‘“π‘–π‘›π‘Žπ‘™ 𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑒𝑑) 2 = (π‘–π‘›π‘–π‘‘π‘–π‘Žπ‘™ 𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑒𝑑) 2 + (2 Γ— π‘Žπ‘π‘π‘’π‘™π‘’π‘Ÿπ‘Žπ‘‘π‘–π‘œπ‘› Γ— π‘‘π‘–π‘ π‘‘π‘Žπ‘›π‘π‘’) 𝑣 2 = 𝑒 2 + 2π‘Ž

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3
Q

what are acceleration’s measuring units?

A

acceleration is measured in metres per second squared (m/s2)

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4
Q

What is the formula for force?

A

Force = mass of object x acceleration

F = m x a

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5
Q

What is the formula for Weight?

A

Weight = mass x gravitational field strength

W= mg

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6
Q

What are some of the factors that increase β€˜thinking distance’?

A
  1. Greater speed
  2. Slower reaaction time due to alcohol, drugs, etc.
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7
Q

How can reaction time be increased?

A

Reaction time can be increased by caffeine which reduces the thinking distance.

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8
Q

What are some factors that increase the β€˜stopping distance’ ?

A
  1. Greater speed or mass
  2. Poor road conditions(icy,wet) or car conditions(worn tires, worn brake pads)
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9
Q

What is Elastic deformation?

A

Elastic deformation is when a object returns to it’s original shape.

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10
Q

What is the formula of moment?

A

Moment = force x perpendicular distance from the pivot

moment = Fd

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11
Q

What is the formula of momentum?

A

Momentum = mass x velocity

P = mv

Measured in kilogram meters per second (Kgm/s)

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12
Q

Why is the gravitational field strength smaller on the moon than on the earth?

A

The moon has less mass compared to the earth

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13
Q

How do you take measurements to find the speed of the car at the bottom of a slope?

A
  1. Place a light gate at the end of the ramp
  2. Record the time taken using a stopwatch as the car passes through
  3. Measure the distance of the slope using a ruler
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14
Q

For the experiment to investigate speed of a car, why might a student get different results?

A
  1. Poor car launch
  2. Friction could slow the car down
  3. Reaction time may cause stopping the stopwatch to be inaccurate
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15
Q

Why must the value of the train be higher than the value calculated?

A

The train doesn’t travel at a constant speed throughout the journey and could’ve been faster at other stations

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16
Q

Why should the airline not use an airplane that has a higher mass and needs a higher speed for landing

A

Stopping distance is affected by the mass and a faster plane requires a greater distance and as well as does a heavier plane

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17
Q

How does the upward acceleration of the balloon change during the first few seconds of the flight of a hot air balloon (3)

A

The speed increases hence, drag increases which leads to upward acceleration to decrease

18
Q

What does it mean for acceleration if there is presumably no air resistance?

A

Acceleration is 10

19
Q

In the context of terminal velocity, why do lighter objects reach it faster?

A

Lighter objects reach terminal velocity faster
due to a smaller drag force being required
therefore, it falls slower

20
Q

How do you measure the scales on a distance/time graph or a velocity/time graph?

A
  • Look at the biggest value in the y-axis
  • Look if the figure is nice or not
  • β€˜nice’ = a number that usually ends with 0, 2, or 5
  • Need to use β€˜big boxes’
21
Q

What does the gradient of a velocity/time graph represent?

A

Acceleration

22
Q

What does the gradient of a distance/time graph represent?

A

Speed/Velocity

23
Q

What does a flat line on a distance/time graph tell us?

A

A flat line on a distance/time graph tells us that the object is stationary

24
Q

What does a flat line on a velocity/time graph tell us?

A

A flat line on a velocity/time graph tells us that the object is moving at a constant speed

25
Q

What does a curved line on a distance/time graph tell us?

A

A curved line in a distance/time graph tells us that the velocity is changing/accelerating

26
Q

What does a curved line on a velocity/time graph tell us?

A

A curved line in a velocity/time graph tells us that the acceleration is changing

27
Q

How do you calculate the distance traveled in a velocity/time graph?

A

Find the area under the graph in a velocity/time graph to calculate the distance traveled

28
Q

What does the area under the graph on a distance/time graph represent?

A

Nothing

29
Q

While the balloon is still accelerating, the pilot controls the balloon by pouring some sand from the bags.

Explain how this affects the upward acceleration of the balloon.
(2)

A
  • Weight decreases
  • Acceleration increases
30
Q

Describe what the student should do to test his prediction that the β€˜more weight the toy car has, the faster it will roll down the slope’. (5)

A
  • Measure the weight/mass
  • Measure the distance of the slope
  • Measure the speed by putting light gates at the end of the slope ( and use a stopwatch to calculate the time taken to cover the distances between the light gates)
  • Repeat the experiment with an average
  • Use the equation - S = d/t
31
Q

Why does the velocity stay at a constant value? (3)

A

There is a constant velocity which means there is no acceleration/ acceleration = 0 as well as the resultant force, and also the upward force is balanced with the downward force.

32
Q

Explain what effect the cushion of air has on the movement of the glider. (2)

A
  • Speed remains almost constant
  • Friction is reduced
33
Q

Explain in terms of forces why the box and parachute fall at constant velocity.

A
  • Weight acts downwards
  • drag acts upwards
  • Constant velocity = no acceleration
  • Resultant force = ma
34
Q

A model car company produces battery powered model cars. At its maximum acceleration, their latest model accelerates from rest to its top speed in 3.5s.

A) While the car is traveling at its top speed, it covers 180 m in 9.0s. Calculate the car’s maximum acceleration.

B) Calculate how fast the car would be moving if it accelerated from rest for 1.5s with its maximum acceleration.

A

A) V = s/t = 180/9 = 20

A = v-u/t = 20-0/3.5 = 5.71 m/s^2

B) a = v-u/t β€”> v = (a x t) + u = (5.71 x 1.5) + 0 = 8.57m/s^2

35
Q

The plane deploys a parachute to slow down when it lands. Explain why the parachute slows the plane down.

A
  • Increasing the drag on the plane lowers its speed
  • The parachute experiences higher drag compared to the plane, as the parachute is released the drag will increase even more, therefore, slowing the plane down
36
Q

State a difference between the orbit of a moon and the orbit of a planet.

A
  • A moon orbits the planet
  • A planet orbits the sun
37
Q

The radius of the Moon’s orbit is 385,000 km.

It takes 27 days for the Moon to complete one orbit,

Calculate the orbital speed of the Moon.

A

V =(2 x n x 385,000)/ 27 = 2 417 800/27 = 90 000 km/day

38
Q

Describe how she could use this apparatus to find the acceleration of the trolley down the ramp

A
  • Release the trolley so it can roll freely down the ramp and use light gates to record the time at which the trolley passes through them
  • The acceleration on the ramp can be found using acceleration = change in velocity/time taken
  • The time taken for the trolley to accelerate on the ramp will be the time taken to pass between light gates A and B
  • Since the trolley started at rest just before light gate A, its initial speed is 0 m/s and the change in velocity between light gates A and B is equal to its speed between light gates B and C
  • To find the trolley’s speed on the runaway, use the time taken for the trolley to pass from light gate B to light gate C and the distance between them
  • To calculate the final speed of the trolley average speed = distance moved/time taken
39
Q

Suggest why the ball traveled further on the Moon than it would have done on Earth.

A
  • Gravitational field strength is lower on the moon
  • Lack of air resistance on the moon
40
Q

A Tractor ploughing a field accelerates at 2m/s^2 for 10 meters, after which its velocity is 7m/s.

A) calculate the tractor’s velocity before it starts accelerating.

B) As the tractor approaches the end of the field, it turns at a constant speed until it’s facing the opposite direction. State whether the tractor accelerates during this time and explain your answer.

A

A) v^2 = u^2 + 2 as

β€”> u^2 = square root = v^2 - 2as = square root 7^2 - (2x2x10)

= 3m/s

B) The tractor does accelerate as it has changed direction as well as
there is a change in velocity.

Physics (6 decks)

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